37. Non-Infectious Infertility in Cattle

If estrus has been observed, what is the the problem usually with?

Non-infectious herd infertility associated with cycling cows and

heifers

What are some reasons that there will be problems with semen delivery or quality? (3)

• Not enough bull power

• Subfertile or injured bulls

• Poor AI technique

What may lack of observation of estrus, is a sign, not a disease; it may also be called "unobserved estrus," "no visible estrus," etc

anestrus

What is the cause of infertility if there was no estrus observed?

Non-infectious herd infertility associated with anestrus

If there is non- infectious herd infertility associated with cycling cows and heifers, what is it a problem with unless proven otherwise?

semen delivery or quality

What are THREE things that can cause problems with semen delivery or quality?

• Not enough bulls

• Sub-fertile or injured bulls

• Poor AI technique

What is a bull's BSE?

uniform assessment of the bull fertility

T/F A BSE assess breeding ability

False, does not

T/F Mounting a cow does not mean he successfully achieved intromission

True

What could have happened to the bull if he cannot find the vulva?

Denervation

What could have happened to the bull if he won't be able to get in vulva?

Deviations

What are some reasons that there will be non-infectious herd infertility associated with anestrus? (3)

• Inadequate nutrition

• Not enough days postpartum

• Prepubertal (heifers)

What is the BCS scale of dairy cattle?

1-5 scale

What is the BCS scale of beef period?

1-9`

Dr. Rush said that it is important for us to know how to determine BCS

okay girl

T/F When nutrients are scares, body has to make a decision of what functions it will support

True

If there is nutrients are scares, what takes priority for the usage?

maintenance

During what stage of production does the cow lose the most BCS?

lactation

What % of cows will be pregnant after 150 days if they are a BCS of 4 or less?

58%

What % of cows will be pregnant after 150 days if they are a BCS of 5?

85

What % of cows will be pregnant after 150 days if they are a BCS of 6 or more ?

95

What is the optimal BCS for calving and breeding of beef cattle?

6-7 (yes maggie....)

Scoring cattle ___ months before calving season starts allows for sorting and supplemental feeding of thin cattle +/- culling

2

The typical amount of time from calving to the resumption of fertile

cycles (postpartum period) for 90% of a beef herd's mature cows is __-___ days , assuming cows have adequate nutrition

60 to 80 days

For ____-____ _____ ____ , the number of days post-calving for 90% to resume fertile cycles is closer to 100 to 120 days, assuming heifers have adequate nutrition.

first-calf beef heifers

T/F Dairy cattle don't really have a lactational anestrus

True

What is the hardest class of cattle to get pregnant?

first time heifers

Why are first time heifers the hardest to get pregnant/

What are THREE noninfectious infertility for individual females?

• Cystic ovarian disease

• Prepubertal (heifers)

• Anatomical/Physiological abnormalities

When are Cystic Ovarian Disease (COD) typically seen?

1st 2 months postpartum

What are cystic ovarian disease characterized by?

a fluid-filled structure >20mm in diameter remaining

on the ovary for more than 10 days

What cyst is a fluid filled structure >20mm with wall

follicular

What cysts are fluid filled structure >20mm with wall >2mm?

luteal

What is a cystic CL?

normal CL with lacunae in the center

What are THREE clinical signs of Cystic Ovarian Disease?

• Failure to cycle (anestrus)

• Persistent estrus (nymphomania)

• Other signs shortened estrus intervals

What is the most common clinical sign of COD?

Failure to cycle (anestrus)

What are some predisposing factors of COD?

• Negative energy balance

• Metabolic disease

• High production

• Retained placenta

• Dystocia

• Stress

• Genetics

What type of cattle are more likely to get COD

Dairy

How do you treat COD?

• Address underlying issue

• Hormonal

• Manual reduction

What are the TWO hormonal therapies that can be used to treat COD?

• GnRH for follicular

• PGF2α for luteal

What happens when the GnRH is given?

it causes an LH surge and then the cells are leutinized

What does PGF2a (ik...)?

lyse the CL

What are the THREE factors that affect the onset of puberty?

- breed

- genetics

- nutrition

What breed of cattle matures later than the others?

Bos indicus

T/F Larger breeds mature faster

False, smaller breeds

Which one affects the age of onset of puberty more?

-weight or age

weight (fatter cattles matire quicker )

What is a Heifer born co-twin to bull that leads to Chimera and aplasia of her reproductive tract due to her being exposed to testosterone?

Freemartin

What are some reasons of non-infectious infertility associated

with artificial insemination??

- poor semen

- poor AI timing

- poor AI technique

- Poor heat detection

- Inadequate nutrition

- not enough days post partum

- prepubertal

If you observe a cow in standing heat at 8 pm, when should you breed her?

8am (AM/PM rule- breed them 12 hours later)

Why is the AM/PM rule a thing?

Cows ovulate approximately 24-30 hours after the onset of

standing heat

T/F Sperm cells live in the female tract for 18-30 hrs while the egg only is viable for 8 hours

True

Regarding Sperm sample handeling:

• Prepare water bath to thaw semen. Make sure temperature is at ___ .

• Place straw in water bath for ___ to ___seconds.

• Load AI gun and keep gun warm until placing in the cow.

• Clean ___ of the cow to remove manure. Keep tip of AI gun clean and free of urine.

95ºF, 45, 60, vulva

Where does the AI semen need to be placed in the cow?

uterine body