Art Exam #2- Vocab

Kathe Kollwitz

professor at Berlin, artist at Degenerate Art Gallery, when Nazis took power she was removed from being a professor, is a printmaker

expressionist

dealing with emotions and turning them into art, alters appearances, colors are symbolic, detailed brush work to represent artist prescence

Vincent Van Gough

first expressionist

5 steps to etching

put acid resistant substance on a copper plate, use an etching needle to draw design by removing the ground, expose it to acid in an acid bath, acid will bite the plate and make the design clear, acid leaves a hole to fill with ink once the ground is removed

lithography

introduced in the 18th century to create arts in newspapers and journals, can be fine or loose, comes out reverse when finished

6 steps with stone printing with lithography

use limestone and a litho crayon that is wax-based to draw design directly on stone, add water, water and oil do not mix so it will bubble up, roll ink that is oil based, wipe excess ink away from base parts, put your paper down to transfer design

what kind of artist is Keifer

Neo-expressionist

mixed media

using a variety of different mediums in 1 piece

scorched landscape

abstract representation of a landscape to capture war and destruction

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier represents

means of remembrance

patch of blue in the piece represents

signifies the ability of removing the destruction and getting over grief

Pieta

portrayal of Mary holding her dead son and grieving

2 Criticisms of Pieta

scale is not accurate between Jesus and Mary, Mary is idealized as the same age as Jesus which is not true she is too young

Why Did Michelangelo create Pieta the way it is

he had a desire to give visual representation to Mary’s purity, visual qualities reflect the soul and her sadness

ergotism

skin disease acquired by ingesting ergot that was in rye, would destroy tissue, loss of limbs and hallucinations

polyptych

many paneled altar piece

left side of Isenheim Altarpiece

includes plague saint Sebastian who helped heal peoples’ pain through faith, he has overcome a lot of pain

right side of Isenheim Altarpiece

Saint Anthony suffers from letting demons in and loses his faith

middle panel of Isenheim Altarpiece

Death of Christ, see the effects of Crucifixion

skull shaped head in The Scream

represents his fear of death along with his black clothing and ghost like presence

Vespasian

followed bad emperor Nero so he wanted to be a good emperor for the people

purpose of Roman Colosseum

entertainment of fighting between gladiators, animals and performances

Use of concrete

Romans are credited for inventing it, consisted of materials that were very cheap and accessible w

what is concrete made of

volcanic rocks and sand, water, and powder

criticisms of concrete

leaks would start to seep in concrete, thought it left an uneven finish

round arch construction

used by the romans to build architecture, allowed creation of domes

Roman Aqueduct

Romans created to transfer water by gravity at a downward decline from a spring in the country to the city specifically to the Baths of Caracalla

Bathing Process at Caracalla

exercise, apply oil, scrape themselves with a tool to remove dirt, bath in hot bath to open pores, soak in mild hot bath, move to cold bath to close pores

Paxton

green house designer and landscaper

1st World Fair

Albert created the idea, he wanted to show off England, was the 1st major project to use cast iron construction

iron construction

strong sturdy structure that was used the 1st time for Crystal Palace, used to make a big building

was the crystal palace fire proof

they thought it was but it caught fire inside and burnt down in 1936

Criticisms of crystal palace

was the new construction safe or sturdy enough, looked unfinished and ugly with the iron pieces everywhere

Criticisms of Eiffel Tower

people of Paris hated it, too big ugly and took the beauty away from Paris

what does the eiffel tower offer

a radio station

Rococo Art

created specifically for the nobility, draws reference to the pursuit of love and courtship in bad and good ways

Watteau

great practitioner who is most famous for the Pilgrimage to Cythera painting

fetes galante

describe Rococo painting, image of nobility in a gorgeous park setting to represent courtship and pursuit of love

swing

symbolizes game of love

cupid on a dolphin

love is growing

montmartre

entertainment center of Paris with many spectator sports

What was a new addition in paris so people could stay out all night

gas lights

impressionists

interested in portraying modern world like Paris, upper middle class is on display, capture energy, life, and changing aspects in present time

Critics of Impressionism

too sketchy, lack clean and clear views, too different, not finished, messy with brush strokes present and people blurred

Why does impressionists paint like this

want to capture what the eye sees in that moment, rendering the world objectively based on what they realistically see

plein air painting

painting outside in the moment, is quick and unique to the specific time and line of sight

translation of Moulin de la Galette

The Pancake Mill

Degas

loves painting dancers and horses that race because of their ability to move