Panoramic View of the Cell; Nucleus and Ribosomes; The Endomembrane System

What is the basic unit of life

cell

What are the features of all cells

DNA, cytoplasm, cell/plasma membrane, ribosomes

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or organelles

What domains contain prokaryotic cells

Bacteria and Archaea

What domain contain eukaryotic cells

Eukarya

WHat is the nucleus

Control center of the cell

What are characteristics of prokaryotic cells

- No nucleus

- The cell's DNA is floating in the Cytoplasm

- No membrane-bound organelles

- Main area of cell is cytoplasm

What are characteristics of eukaryotic cells

- Well-defined nucleus

- Most of cell's DNA is in the nucleus

- Membrane-bound organelles

What is the nuclear envelope

double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

What do pores do

regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus

What is the nuclear lamina

Net like array of protein filament that maintains the shape of a nucleus by supporting nuclear envelope

How does the nucleus control protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

By synthesizing mRNA according to the information provided by the DNA. mRNA is then sent to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores. Then, ribosomes translate the mRNA's genetic code into the primary structure of a specific polypeptide.

What are chromosomes

Chromosomes are long, thin strings of genetic material made of DNA and proteins.

What is Chromatin

uncoiled DNA

What is the role of the nucleolus in protein synthesis

The site of ribosome synthesis

What are free ribosomes? Location and Functions

Free ribosomes build proteins in the cytosol. These proteins will stay in the cytoplasm

What are bound ribosomes? Location and function

Bound ribosomes build proteins on the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope. They make proteins that are going to be transported elsewhere.

What are the components of the endomembrane system

nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma membrane.

What is the endoplasmic reticulum? Function/Structure

It accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. It is continuous with the nuclear envelope, it is a transport system with two distinct regions

What is the Golgi apparatus? Function and structure

Membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae which are closely related to ER on one side called cis face. Other side called trans face.

Process molecules synthesized in the ER, and prepares them for transport to final location

What are the two regions and their functions of the ER

Smooth ER- lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids, detoxifies poisons

Rough ER- Contains ribosomes, transports proteins, secretes glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles

What are lysosomes and what do they do?

Vesicles from the Golgi bodies that contain enzymes for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.

What are glycoproteins

proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates

What are vacuoles and vesicles?

- membrane-bound organelles that store nutrients, wastes, and water

- transport substances throughout the cell

What is the plasma membrane?

a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell

What is the significance of the sis and trans sides of he Golgi apparatus

The cis face in the receiving side of the golgi while the trans face is the shipping side of the Golgi

What are the three different kinds of vacuoles and their functions

Food vacuoles - formed by phagocytosis

Contractile vacuoles - pump excess water out of cells

central vacuoles - cap tins a solution called sap. Very large

What is phagocytosis

When a cell eats another one