NRMT 1010 - Lab Quiz 5

Costal and Columbian species

Pacific Silver Fir, Abies amabilis

• needles glossy dark green with deep central groove and notched tip

• yellowish brown bark

• large buds, terminal buds in 3s

Grand Fir, Abies grandis

• smooth green to greyish brown stems

• needles alternate lengths and lay flat out on alternate sides of the branch

Western Hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla

• alternating length, leaf-like needles with rounded tips and 2 lines on under surface

• needles grow on either side of the branch

Mountain Hemlock, Tsuga mertensiana

• needles ½ - 1 in long, branch out from all sides of the twig, have stomatal lines on both upper and lower surface

• twigs hairy, reddish brown

Western White Pine, Pinus monticola

• needles in fascicles of 5, 2-4 in long

• stems grey to purplish grey with red blisters

• cones 4-12 in long, banana like, scales without prickles

Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta

• rough scaley orange brown, dark brown to greyish brown stems

• resinous, reddish brown, pointed buds

• needles in fascicles of 2, grown in a spiral along the twig, pointed

• small cylindrical to ovoid cones with spike on scales

Western Red Cedar, Thuja plicata

• leaves yellow green to bright green, scale-like

• tiny egg shaped cones grow in the middle of the branches

• reddish brown stems

Western Larch, Larix occidentalis

• orange-brown stems, new twigs with fine hairs and spur twigs (stubby, woody projections)

• needles in dense, circular clusters of 15-30

• egg shaped, mature cones with long, whisker like bracts

Engelmann Spruce, Picea engelmannii

• grey-brown to yellowish-brown twigs with hairs

• light chestnut brown buds, ¼ in long

• single needles on woody leaf bases, suare 15-35 mm long, pointed but not sharp like Blue or Sitka spruce

Sitka Spruce, Picea sitchensis

• needles point downward, stiff, pointed, 4 sided, 2 stomatal bands on upper and lower surface, attached singly on woody peg-like raised surface

• smooth, yellowish-brown stems

• resinous, scaley buds

Costal Douglas Fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii

• flat, soft needles, arranged spirally, underside with 2 white stomatal bands

• young twigs hairy and greenish brown

• narrow, sharp, reddish brown, scaly buds

• cones 3-4 in long with 3 pronged bracts sticking out from each scale

Pacific Yew, Taxus brevifolia

• young twigs are green transitioning to scaly red-purple to purpleish-brown

• needles spirally attached somewhat in 2 rows, flat, pointed

• fleshy berry-like structures

Giant Sequoia, Sequoiadendron giganteum

• scale-like, feathery leaves, spirally arranged

• reddish brown, woody cones 2-3 in long

• buds terminal, small, and naked

• stems green and scaly

Coast Redwood, Sequoia sempervirens

• flat needles arranged in 2 rows on upper stems, scale-like short leaves on lower stems

• stems green, flexible

• small cones start out green turn russet brown with small scales, grow on tips of branches

Big Leaf Maple, Acer macrophyllum

• opposite arrangement

• twigs burgundy brownish on one side green on other side, with small olive green lenticels

• large terminal buds with 2 smaller lateral buds

• large (15-30 cm), 5-lobed leaves

• samaras 3-6 cm long with stiff, bristly hairs at the base

Arbutus, Arbutus menziesii

• Reddish brown to dark red stems

• alternately arranged, simple, leathery leaves, 5-15 cm long, finely serrated

• rose coloured, small leaf buds at tips of branches

• terminal clusters of bell shaped flowers replaced by bumpy red berries in the fall and winter

Balsam Poplar, Populus balsamifera

• smooth, grey-green stems

• round petioles

• large, pointy, resinous, sticky buds

• simple, alternate, oval to heart-shaped, 7-15 cm long leaves with finely toothed margins, dark green on top with tiny resin dots on underside

Red Alder, Alnus rubra

• olive to reddish brown twigs with light coloured lenticels

• buds dark red or purple

• alternately arranged, oval to ovate, coarsely toothed

• catkins small in groups of 2-5, light brown

Garry Oak, Quercus garryana

• dark reddish brown stems, young twigs with fine hairs

• reddish to brown, densely hairy, clustered terminal buds

• thick, leathery, 2-6 in long leaves, with 3-7 deep rounded lobes, shiny bright green on top and paler with yellowish-green hairs underneath

Pacific Dogwood, Cornus nuttallii

• simple, opposite, oval leaves often clustered at the tips of branches, entire margins

• small, pointed buds

• tiny greenish purple flowers surrounded by 4-8 large petal-like white bracts

• clusters of bright red to orange berries