Social and Emotional Development (Ages 3-6) Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering personality traits, parenting styles, emotional regulation, discipline, gender development, and social behaviors in early childhood based on the lecture notes.

Openness

A Big 5 personality trait associated with imagination.

Conscientiousness

A Big 5 personality trait characterized by attention.

Extraversion

A Big 5 personality dimension reflecting outgoing versus withdrawn behavior.

Agreeableness

A Big 5 personality trait defined by compliance.

Neuroticism

A Big 5 personality dimension reflecting emotional stability.

Self Esteem

Personal evaluation of oneself, resulting in high or low self regard.

Social Comparisons

The process starting around age 5+ and coinciding with formal education entry where children observe peers and realize their own limits.

Self Conscious Emotions

Complex emotional experiences such as guilt, shame, pride, and embarrassment that emerge as self-awareness grows.

Metacognition

Thinking about thinking, considering the impact of behavior, and reflecting on emotional states.

Emotional Regulation

The ability to control emotional reactions, supported by brain maturation and frontal lobe development.

Impulse Control

The ability to delay urges or desires, typically achieved between ages 3 and 6.

Emotional Intelligence

A framework comprising regulatory skills (attentional control, calming, planning) and interpersonal skills (empathy, perspective understanding, assertive communication).

Authoritarian Parenting

A parenting style characterized by high structure and low warmth that is rules-focused and described as 'like a brick wall' ('my way or the highway').

Authoritative Parenting

A parenting style characterized by high structure and high warmth that is relationship-focused, firm but flexible, and described as 'like a drum'.

Permissive Parenting

A parenting style characterized by low structure and high warmth that prioritizes the child's happiness and is described as 'like gelatin'.

Uninvolved Parenting

A parenting style characterized by low structure and low warmth with limited attention to child needs, described as 'like a ghost'.

Natural Consequences

A discipline method where nature handles the outcome directly without parental intervention (e.g., refusing a coat results in getting cold), limited by safety.

Logical Consequences

A discipline approach using rational, conceptually connected consequences to teach cause and effect (e.g., cleaning up spilled juice).

Illogical Consequences

An ineffective penalty that is not conceptually connected to the misbehavior and creates frustration (e.g., taking away toys for spilling juice).

Gender Schema

A cognitive framework for processing gender information with increasing complexity through progressive stages.

Gender Labeling

The stage reached at age 3 where a child learns basic categorization by identifying as a boy or girl.

Gender Stability

The stage reached at age 4 where gender is understood as a stable concept, though superficial changes might still be thought to alter it.

Gender Constancy

The stage reached at age 6 where a child understands that gender persists despite surface changes.

Ethnic Gloss

Categorization of individuals based superficially on appearance or language.

Instrumental Aggression

Goal-directed, proactive aggressive behavior.

Hostile Aggression

Emotion-driven, reactive aggressive behavior.

Relational Aggression

Indirect aggressive behavior intended to damage relationships, such as spreading rumors or gossiping.

Approach-Avoidance Model

A model explaining social withdrawal through the tension between a desire to interact and a fear of looking bad.

Introversion

A preference for solitude without underlying anxiety or fear of social interaction.

Social Avoidance

Social withdrawal stemming specifically from past experiences of rejection.

Shyness

A condition where an individual wants to interact with others but experiences fear due to social threat perception.

Prosocial Behavior

Actions characterized by helping, sharing, kindness, and including others.

Initiative vs Guilt

Erikson's psychosocial stage for ages 3-6 centered on learning to take initiative and build self-confidence versus risking guilt and hesitation.

Temperament

A biologically based pattern of behavior present from infancy, characterized by activity level, sensitivity to stimuli, and emotional intensity.