Eye History 1

Far vision difficulty where distant objects are blurry but close vision is clear

Myopia;

Near vision difficulty where close objects are blurry but distance vision is clear

Hyperopia

Age-related loss of near vision due to decreased lens elasticity

Presbyopia

Distorted or blurry vision at any distance caused by uneven curvature of the cornea or lens

Astigmatism

Blind spot in vision that can be constant flickering pulsating or moving

Scotoma

Double vision that can be horizontal vertical oblique monocular or binocular

Diplopia

Standard chart used to test distance visual acuity with patient standing twenty feet away

Snellen eye chart

Handheld card used to test near or far vision usually held fourteen inches from eyes

Rosenbaum pocket vision screening card

Screening examination used to assess for defects in four quadrants of the visual field

Confrontational Visual Field Testing

Visual field defect resulting from a lesion at the optic chiasm

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Visual field defect resulting from a lesion at the optic tract or optic radiation

Homonymous hemianopsia

Abnormal protrusion of the eyes often associated with thyroid disease trauma tumor or infection

Proptosis

Abnormal protrusion of the eyes specifically associated with Graves disease

Exophthalmos

Condition of eye misalignment that can lead to amblyopia if left untreated

Strabismus

Inward misalignment of the eye

Esotropia

Outward misalignment of the eye

Exotropia

Upward misalignment of the eye

Hypertropia

Downward misalignment of the eye

Hypotropia

Permanent visual impairment or lazy eye resulting from untreated strabismus

Amblyopia

Alignment test performed by shining light into pupils to observe reflection location

Corneal light reflex

Alignment test where one eye is covered while observing movement in the uncovered eye

Cover-Uncover Test

Inward turning of lid margin causing eyelashes to irritate conjunctiva and cornea

Entropion

Outward turning of lid margin leading to impaired drainage and increased tearing

Ectropion

Drooping of the upper eyelid

Ptosis

Inflammation along eyelid margins with oil and bacteria buildup known as eye dandruff

Blepharitis

Subacute or chronic painless firm nontender nodule on eyelid from blocked Meibomian gland

Chalazion

Acute painful red tender swollen nodule on eyelid margin caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Hordeolum

Infection and inflammation of lacrimal sac causing pain swelling and redness at medial canthus

Dacryocystitis

Swelling of the conjunctiva

Chemosis

Yellow elevated growth on conjunctiva that does not cross onto the cornea

Pinguecula

Triangular fleshy growth of conjunctival tissue related to sun exposure that may extend onto cornea

Pterygium

Dilation of conjunctival vessels causing redness discharge and discomfort with normal visual acuity

Conjunctivitis

Leakage of blood outside vessels resulting in a well demarcated red area on white sclera

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

Localized abrupt ocular inflammation of episcleral vessels with distinct injected patches

Episcleritis

Painful injury to corneal surface epithelium evaluated with fluorescein stain

Corneal Abrasion

Localized deeper infection or inflammation on cornea presenting as a visible gray white spot

Corneal Ulcer

Noninfectious or infectious corneal inflammation that can cause corneal clouding

Keratitis

Acute painful inflammation of iris and anterior chamber with ciliary flush miosis and photophobia

Acute Iritis

Ring of red vessel injection concentrated around the cornea seen in acute iritis

Ciliary flush

Presence of red blood cells in the anterior chamber of the eye

Hyphema

Presence of white blood cells in the anterior chamber of the eye

Hypopyon

Gray white opaque circle along edge of cornea from lipid deposits

Corneal Arcus

Brown golden or green ring over iris edge from copper deposition in Wilson disease

Kayser-Fleischer Ring;

Slowly progressive painless opacity or clouding of lens leading to gradual vision loss

Cataract