5.1 Replication (excl. PMAT & centrosomes)

Structure of a chromosome
> made of __ wrapped around h__
> t__ coiled = fits in s__ space ;; DNA has instructions for making g__

DNA, histones, tightly, small, genes

Structure of chromosomes
> when DNA is r__, it can’t be c__ to the e__, so t__ (n__-c__ D__) are at the ends
> each time DNA is copied, some of these are lost (gets s__)
> this prevents l__ of g__

replicated, copied, end, telomeres, non-coding DNA, shorter, loss, genes

telomere

genes

centromere

sister chromatids, chromosome

Mitosis: n__ d__ p__ _ g__ i__ d__ n__, e__ w/ s__ # o_ c__ a_ p__ n__

nuclear division producing 2 genetically identical daughter nuclei, each, same, of chromosomes as parent nucleus

Functions of mitosis
> g__ of m__ organisms
> r__ of d__ cells
> r__ of t__
> a__ r__

growth, multicellular, replacement, dead, repair, tissues, asexual reproduction

Cell Cycle
i__ (__, __, __) → __ → __

interphase, G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis

Interphase
> m__ of the cell cycle, n__ cell activities
> 2 growth phases:
>> __: after prev. cell d__
>> __: after _ phase (thus has t__ the amt of c__ than 1st)
> _ phase: __ r__ = 2 i__ copies of each DNA in nucleus (s__ c__)

most, normal, G1, division, G2, S, S, DNA replication, identical, sister chromatids

Cytokinesis
> after m__, cell d__ into 2 genetically i__ d__ c__

mitosis, divides, identical daughter cells

Stem Cells
> c__ that can d__ an u__ # of times, which can become a s__ cell or stay a s__ cell
> p__: ability to d__ into d__ t__ of c__ ;; 4 types:
>> t__: produces a__ type of cell
>> p__: produces a__ type of cell except p__ (used in research)
>> m__: produces l__ # of cell types
>> u__: produces only _ cell type

cells, divide, unlimited, specialised, stem, potency, divide, diff types, cells, totipotent, any, pluripotent, any, placenta, multipotent, limited, unipotent, 1

Cancers
> each c__ has g__ to help control w__ it divides
> m__ (change in DNA b__ s__) can lead to u__ m__ = c__

cell, genes, when, mutation, base sequence, uncontrollable mitosis, cancer