Anatomy and Physiology

Masticatory mucosa

Covers the gingivae, hard palate, and dorsum of the tongue. Is firmly attached to the bones, is very dense, and designed to withstand the vigorous activity of chewing and swallowing food

Name the major body systems

1. Digestive system
2. Nervous system
3. Cardiovascular system
4. Endocrine system
5. Respiratory system
6. Lympahtic system
7. Muscular system
8. Skeletal system
9. Urinary system
10. Integumentary or skin system
11. Reproductive system

Cells, tissues, organs and body systems

The human body has four organizational levels or units, from the simples to the most complex they include

Soft palate, the uvula, the surrounding tissues, and the posterior portion of the tongue

The gag reflex is an involuntary protective mechanism located in the posterior region of the mouth. This very sensitive area includes:

Trigeminal nerve

A branch of the fifth cranial nerve and is the primary source of the nerve supply for the mouth

Glabella

Smooth surface of the frontal bone; also the anatomic area directly above the root (bridge) of the nose

Physiology

Study of the human body functions

Hard and soft palates

Serve as the roof ot the mouth and separate the mouth from the nasal cavity

Frenum

Narrow band of tissue that connects two structures

Buccal

Means pertaining to or directed toward the cheek

Tragus

Cartilaginous projection anterior to the external opening of the ear

Oral cavity proper

Space on the tongue side within the upper and lower dental arches

Mental protuberance

Part of the mandible that forms the chin

Alveolar socket

The space within the alveolar process in which the root of the tooth is held in place by the periodontal ligament

Sagittal plane

A plane that makes a lengthwise cut dividing the body into right and left portions.

Midsagittal plane

A plane that is a lengthwise cut down the midline of the body and divides the body into right and left portions

Lining mucosa

Covers the inside of the cheeks, vestibule, lips, ventral surface of the tongue, and soft palate. Is delicate, thin, and easily injured

Angle of the mandible

Lower posterior of the ramus

Temporomandibular joint

Located on each side of the head where the temporal bone and mandible join. Makes it possible for the lower jaw to move so that we can speak and chew

Ala of the nose

Winglike tip on the outer side of each nostril

Philtrum

Rectangular area between the two ridges running from under the nose to the midline of the upper lip

Anatomy

Study of the structure of the human body

Tissues

Approximately 75 to 100 trillion cells join together to form special groups known as

Zygomatic arch

Prominence of the cheek

Septum

Tissue that divides the nasal cavity into two nasal fossae

Transverse plane

Any vertical plane at right angles with the sagittal plane that horizontally cuts across the body

11

How many major systems are present in the human body?

Nasion

Midpoint between the eyes just below the eyebrows; on the skull, the point where the two nasal bones and frontal bone join

Mucous membrane

Specialized tissue that lines the inside of the mouth

Frontal plane

Plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections and is perpendicular (an angle of 90°) to both the sagittal plane and the transverse plane

Vestibule

Space between the teeth and the inner mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks

Nostril

Anterior naris

Gingivae

The tissues that surround the teeth. Commonly referred to as the gums and is masticatory mucosa that cover the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth

Innervation

Another term for nerve supply

Maxillary and mandibular branches

The trigeminal nerve divides into