Bone Anatomy (dental science)

axial skeleton

skull, spine, ribcage, and sternum

appendicular skeleton

shoulders, arms, hands/hips, legs, and feet

how much do bones weight?

about 20 pounds

what kind of tissue is bone?

living connective tissue

what can bone do when injured?

repair itself

what do bones produce?

blood cells

what do bones store?

minerals

what do bones protect

organs

other basic functions of bones

• allow movement

• support/shape our body

what is bone made of

• collagen

• calcium phosphate

• calcium carbonate

collagen

protein that provides flexibility

calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

minerals that provide strength

what do bones also contain

• blood vessels

• nerves

• lymph vessels

what are the layers of bone

• periosteum

• compact bone (cortical bone)

• cancellous bone (spongy bone)

periosteum

thin membrane of connective tissue

what does periosteum contain

nerve and blood vessels

what does periosteum cover

outer surfaces of all bones expect ends of long cones (endosteum)

what is periosteum responsible for?

• bone growth, repair, nutrient uptake, and waste removal

• the life of the bone

what are the two layers of periosteum

• outer layer

• inner layer

outer layer of periosteum

most fibrous, where muscles attach

inner layer of periosteum

loose connective tissue

inner layer of periosteum contains what?

osteoblasts (bone building cells)

how is inner layer of periosteum anchored to bone?

by sharpies fibers (hold tooth in socket)

compact bone (cortical bone)

outer layer, dense, tightly packed bone cells

compact bone (cortical bone) structure?

NOT a solid structure, blood vessels run through it

what does compact bone (cortical bone) contain

osteoclasts

osteoclasts

cells that dissolve or resorb the calcium in bone when stressed or damagedancellous bon

cancellous bone (spongy bone)

inner layer, very light weight, not as strong as compact bone, protects bone marrow

what does cancellous bone do?

gives strength without weight

what is cancellous bone affected by?

osteoporosis

what does cancellous bone contain

trabeculae

trabeculae

spicules of bone that form a honeycomb/sponge-like appearance

cartilage

connective tissue, strong, more elastic than bone

what does cartilage contain

NO blood vessels

where is cartilage found

at ends of bones, nose, and ears

joints

an articulation, 2 or more things come together

what are the joint types

• fibrous

• cartilaginous

• synovial

fibrous joints

very slight movement

fibrous joint types

• suture

• gomphoses

suture fibrous joint

skull join, jagged line where skull bone articulates

gomphoses fibrous joint

joint between teeth and alveolar bone

cartilaginous joint

allows for slight movement

synovial joint

very moveable, lined with a bursa, and acts like a cushion

bursa

a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid

ball and socket joint

shoulders/hips, allows for flexion and extension, limited rotation

hinge joint

elbow, only allow for movement in 1 direction

gliding

wrist, allows for bones to slide

pivot joint

certain vertebrea, allows for rotation

saddle joint

allows for thumb to touch fingers

osteomyelitis

bone infection and inflammation, swelling (edema), poor circulation to bone, pus can form and cause pressure within bone causing fracture

osteoporosis

loss of cancellous bone, causes bone to become brittle

cleft palate

maxillary bones do not fuse

fracture

bone and cartilage can tear

temporomandibular joint disorder

degeneration of jaw joint, can be dislocated or inflamed

scoliosis

abnormal curvature of the spine

arthritis

joint inflammation

bone cancer

osteosarcoma

craniosynotosis

skull fused together too early

process

any prominence on a bone surface

condyle

large, convex prominence, usually at a joint

head

founded surface, projecting from bone by a neck

tuberosity

large, rough, attachment site for muscles or tendons

arch

shaped like a bridge

cornu

horn-like prominence

tubercle/eminence

rounded elevation on body surface

crest

prominent, often roughened border or ridge

line

straight small ridge

spine

abrupt prominence of bone that may be blunt or sharply pointed

notch

indentation at edge of bone

sulcus

shallow depression or groove; usually marks the course of an artery or nerve

fossa

depression, attachment area for muscles or other functions

foramen

window-like opening

plural foramen

foramina

canal

long, narrow, tubelike opening

meatus

type of canal

fissure

narrow, cleft-like opening

suture

2 flat bones come together, jagged