Nature and variety of living organisms

What are the characteristics of living things?

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Homeostasis, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

Name all eukaryotes

FAPP

Fungi, Animals, Protists, Plants

Give an example of a flowering plant

Maize

What is the structure of fungi?

Organised into mycelium 

Made from thread-like structures called hyphae

How do fungi feed?

Saprotrophic nutrition- extracellular digestion

Secretes digestive enzymes onto food

Break down substrate

What type of nutrition do fungi have?

Saprotrophic nutrition

What is a characteristic of fungi regarding photosynthesis?

They cannot photosynthesise.

Example of a fungi

Mucor

Yeast

What are protists?

Microscopic, single-celled organisms

Name a safe protist

Amoeba

Name a pathogen and disease it causes

Plasmodium (malaria)

Name all prokaryotes

Bacteria

Why are viruses not classified as a living organism?

Lack of metabolism

Inability to maintain homeostasis

No cellular structure

Dependence on Host

Give an example of a virus

Influenza virus that causes flu

Pathogen definition

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

What can pathogens include?

Fungi, bacteria, protists or viruses

Movement definition

any action that causes a change in position or place (eg, locomotion)

Respiration definition

Breakdown of organic molecules to release energy

sensitivity definition

Living things can respond to and interact with the environment

homeostasis definition

the ability to maintain an internal environment to counteract external changes.

growth definition

a permanent increase in size by cell number, cell size, or both

reproduction definition

Living things produce offspring, either sexually or asexually

excretion definition

the removal of metabolic waste made in cells

nutrition definition

the process of taking in and using food for energy, growth, and repair

A- Dna or RNA

B- Envelope

C- Protein coat

Common feature differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Eukaryote
Larger
Unicellular/Multicellular
Complex
Membrane-bound Nucleus

Prokaryote
Smaller

No membrane-bound organelles
Can reproduce quickly
Always unicellular

how do plants synthesise starch?

Converting glucose produced during photosynthesis into insoluble starch

What is a virus?

Parasitic, small, non-living organisms

What is autotrophic nutrition?

When an organism creates its own food (e.g., photosynthesis)

What is heterotrophic nutrition?

When they rely on other organisms for nutrition (e.g., some obtain nutrients from dead organic matter)

how do protists eat?

some eat autotrophically (photosynthesis), others eat heterotrophically

What is a eukaryote?

An organism made up of cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. 

What is a prokaryote?

A simple organism made up of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

what do fungi store their carbohydrates as?

glycogen

A- Cytoplasm

B- Ribosome

C- Mitochondria

D- Nucleus

E- Cell wall

F- Cell membrane

example of bacteria

salmonella

advantages of embryonic stem cells

less chance of being rejected

can differentiate into any cell

disadvantages of embryonic stem cells

spare embryos from IVF—> can be rejected

raises ethical issues

may form tumours if not differentiate properly

advantages of adult stem cells

LFN

less likely to cause tumours

fewer ethical issues

no shortages of the cells/donors

disadvantages of adult stem cells

extracting can be difficult/painful

cells from older people won’t last long

what disease is caused by protists?

malaria