02. gravity and black holes

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8 Terms

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gravity

  • the force of attraction experienced between any two objects

    • linear relationship between gravity & mass

  • drives the motion of planets, stars, and galaxies

  • force that depends on masses of two objects & distance between them

  • mass tells space how to curve and spacetime tells matter how to move


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structure of a star

  • inwards force of gravity which causes material within the star to fall towards its centre

    • inwards force of gravity causes material to fall towards its centre

    • outwards force of radiation pressure

      • comes from heat radiated from nuclear fusion occurring in the core of the star

  • each star has difference balance of forces → looks different


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hydrostatic equilibrium

  • balance between gravitational force and nuclear fusion


<ul><li><p>balance between <strong>gravitational force</strong> and <strong>nuclear fusion</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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black hole

  • place / astronomical field that has a gravitational field so strong that not even light is fast enough to escape it

    • hard to detect


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supermassive black hole

  • enormous black hole in centre of galaxy


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detecting black holes

  1. part of a binary star system

  2. gravitational lensing


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binary star system

  • two stars form close to each other orbit a common centre of mass

    • one becomes black hole → strips material from other star

  • material emits a high energy x-ray signal that can show presence of the black hole


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gravitational lensing

  • light from a star passes through a black hole → bends and can be seen as identical stars on each side