Art of Italy Midterm

753 BC

Foundation of Rome

509 BC

Foundation of S.P.Q.R Roman Republic

27BC

Augustus becomes first Emperor of Rome

64

Great Fire of Rome

65-67

Death of St Peter

313

Edict of Milan

324

Consecration of St. John Lateran

325

Council of Nicea

385

Theodosius declares Christianity sole religion of the Empire

410

Sack of Rome by Visigoths

431

Council of Ephesus

432

Consecration of St Mary Major

476

Fall of Roman Empire to Ostrogoths

525

SS Cosmas and Damian becomes first church in Forum

527-565

Reign of Justinian

590-604

Papacy of Gregory the Great

609

Pantheon becomes a church

692

Quinisext Council

622

Muhammad Higira

730-787 and 814 to 842

Iconoclast controversy

800

Charlemagne First Holy Roman Emperor

1066

Battle of Hastings (Normans)

1084

Sack of Rome Normans

1088

University of Bologna founded

1099

First Crusade

1270

Fourth Lateran Council and Doctrine of Transubstantiation

Chiaroscuro

From the Italian chiaro meaning light and scuro meaning dark, it is the use of light and shade

to create the illusion of three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface.

Foreshorten

to reduce or distort (parts of a represented object that are not parallel to the picture plane)

in order to convey the illusion of three-dimensional space as perceived by the human eye: often done

according to the rules of perspective. Usually done with objects or bodies

Contrapposto

a term most commonly used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing so that

its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. This gives the figure a more relaxed and less

stiff appearance

Sfumato

a painting technique which overlays translucent layers of color to create perceptions of depth,

volume and form. In particular, it refers to the blending of colors or tones so subtly that there is no

perceptible transition

Entablature

The upper section of a classical building, resting on the columns and constituting the

architrave, frieze, and cornice

Clerestory

an outside wall of a room or building that rises above an adjoining roof and contains windows