Diffusion/ osmosis etc

solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more components.

solvent

Typically water, acting as the dissolving medium.

solutes

Components present in smaller quantities within a solution.

intracellular fluid

Nucleoplasm and cytosol, a solution containing gases, nutrients, and salts dissolved in water.

What is interstitial fluid?

fluid outside the cells thathas nutrients filled with sugar etc

plasma membrane

selectively permeable barrier lets things in or out

passive transport

A process that does not require energy (ATP) for moving substances across the membrane.

What is active transport?

uses ATP to move substances to a membrane.

diffusion

The process whereby particles distribute themselves evenly within a solution, driven by kinetic energy.

diffusion

Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

factors that affect the speed of diffusion

The size of the molecule and temperature.

diffusion

high to low concentration

conditions molecules move by diffusion

When they are small enough to pass through membrane pores, lipid-soluble, or assisted by a membrane carrier.

simple diffusion

An unassisted process where solutes are lipid-soluble or small enough to pass through membrane pores.

osmosis

The simple diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

isotonic solutions

They have equal concentrations of solute and water as the cells, causing no visible changes.

What occurs in hypertonic solutions?

cell shrinkage

hypotonic solution

cell swelling caused by water rushing into the cell

facilitated diffusion

process that seperates solid particles from a liquid/gas by passing it through a filter that lets only the fluid get through

role of filtration in the body

remove solid particles from liquid

sodium potassium pump

An example of active transport that moves sodium out of and potassium into the cell.

vesicular transport

Movement of substances without crossing the plasma membrane directly, includes exocytosis and endocytosis.

exocytosis

Materials are moved out of the cell in a membranous sac called a vesicle.

v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs

v-SNAREs are the transmembrane proteins on vesicles and t-SNAREs are proteins on the target plasma membrane.

phagocytosis

cell eating so like white cell eating bacteria

What is pinocytosis?

cell drinking

vesicles after endocytosis

They typically fuse with lysosomes where contents are digested by lysosomal enzymes.