DNA structures

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Last updated 2:08 AM on 10/1/26
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10 Terms

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Purine—Adenine and Guanine

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Pyrimidine: Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

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Adenine

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Guanine

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Cytosine

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Thymine

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Uracil

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Secondary Structures of DNA

  • its fundamental helical structure

  • B-DNA: right-handed helix; exists when there's a lot of water, the most stable, predominant structure in the cell.

  • A-DNA: right-handed helix, present when there’s less water present, shorter & wider than B-DNA

  • Z-DNA: left-handed helix, sugar-phosphate group goes zig-zag, Z-DNA strands bind to antibodies during transcription.


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Special Structure of RNA and DNA

  • The hairpin: when there are inverted and complementary bases in the same strand

  • The Stem: when the complementary bases are contiguous, it just forms a stem without a loop

  • H-DNA (triplex structure): when some of the DNA from the DSDNA unwinds, and the single polynucleotide strand pairs with the DSDNA from another part of the molecule.


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DNA methylation

  • Methyl groups added by specific enzymes on certain positions of the nitrogenous bases.

  • Used as a marker

  • Strands that are methylated show low levels of transcription.