Chem 2 Exam 3 Practice

Conjugate Acid

Formed by adding one H to a base

Conjugate Base

Formed by removing one H from an acid

Acid Strength & Conjugate Base Strength

Stronger acids produce weaker conjugate bases.

Oxoacid Strength Rule

More oxygen atoms mean a stronger acid

Polyprotic Acid Strength Rule

An acid with more protons is stronger than its deprotonated form.

Buffer Solution Requirement

A mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid)

Titration Dilution Formula

MaVa=MbVb

Strong Acid + Strong Base

Equivalence pH = 7

Weak Acid + Strong Base

Equivalence pH > 7

Weak Base + Strong Acid

Equivalence pH < 7

Stronger Acids have

a lower pKa and weaker conjugate base

Stronger Base

lower pKb and weaker conjugate acid

Weaker bonds mean

stronger acid

More Electronegativity means

Stronger Acid

More Resonance mean

Stronger Acid

Negative charge means

Stronger Base

Less Electronegativity means

Stronger Base

Electronegativity increases(Trends)

Left to right

Electronegativity decreases(Trends)

Top to bottom

Strong Bases are

in Group 1 and 2 and neutral

Strong Acids are

heavier nonmetals and neutral

Weal Acids are

basic with a central nonmetal surrounded by hydrogen and oxygen

Weak Base

acidic containing N and organic compounds