Module 1 BIOL1050

What is the binomial nomenclature system based on?

It consists of a scientific name composed of three parts: genus, species epithet, and authority.

What part of the flower produces microspores?

Stamens produce microspores that develop into pollen grains.

What is the sticky tip of the carpel called that collects pollen?

Stigma is the sticky part that collects pollen.

What is a complete flower?

A complete flower has all four organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

What process enhances genetic variability in plants?

Cross-pollination, where the anther from one flower pollinates the stigma of another flower of the same species.

What is double fertilization?

It is a process unique to angiosperms where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form a diploid zygote and another sperm forms a triploid cell.

What do ovules develop into after fertilization?

Each ovule develops into a seed.

What type of plants have male and female reproductive organs on separate plants?

Dioecious plants have imperfect flowers with male and female on separate plants.

What is parthenocarpy?

Parthenocarpy is when fruit develops in the absence of fertilization.

What is apomixis?

Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction where the embryo is derived from an unreduced (2n) cell.

What are the storage organs in plants known as?

Bulbs and tubers are examples of storage organs in plants.

What is the process of grafting?

Grafting is where a twig or bud from one plant is attached to the rootstock of another closely related plant.

What do cotyledons do after seed germination?

Cotyledons absorb nutrients from the endosperm and transfer them to the embryo.

What climate change effects impact plant reproductive traits?

Climate change can affect the development of pollen grains and fertility of many plant species.

What is heterosis?

Heterosis is the tendency of crossbred individuals to exhibit superior qualities compared to both parents.

What does mutation breeding involve?

It involves inducing mutations to increase the natural mutation rate, potentially leading to new gene variants.

What does polyploidy refer to?

Polyploidy refers to having more than one genome copy.

How much has the global average temperature increased since 1950?

The global average temperature has increased by about 0.6°C since 1950.

What are the implications of higher CO2 levels on crops?

Higher CO2 levels can increase yields but may lower the nutritional quality of crops.

What is pollination?

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma of flowers.

What are the main types of pollination?

The main types are self-pollination and cross-pollination.

What role do bees play in plant reproduction?

Bees are key pollinators that transfer pollen between flowers, aiding in fertilization.

What is seed dispersal?

Seed dispersal is the movement of seeds away from the parent plant to reduce competition.

What mechanisms facilitate seed dispersal?

Mechanical, wind, water, and animal-mediated dispersal are key mechanisms.

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Haploid cells contain one complete set of chromosomes, while diploid cells contain two sets.

What are gymnosperms?

Gymnosperms are plants that produce seeds without flowers or fruit, e.g., conifers.

What is the function of the endosperm?

The endosperm provides nutrients to the developing embryo in seeds.