colonial to revolution
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126 Terms
What was the Great Awakening?
A religious movement.
How was education different in New England?
had public schools for everyone.
How was education different in the Middle Colonies?
had private schools mainly for wealthy children.
How was education different in the Southern Colonies?
mainly used tutors for wealthy children.
What was the Enlightenment?
A movement that stressed the power of science and reason.
What happened in the trial of John Peter Zenger?
He was arrested for libel after writing stories about New York's governor
Why was John Peter Zenger found not guilty?
The judge said that if his stories were true, they were not libel.
What is libel?
Writing something that unfairly damages someone's reputation.
What is freedom of the press?
The right to publish news and opinions without unfair government control
What is civic virtue?
The willingness to work for the community, even if it requires sacrifice.
What was the Magna Carta?
A document stating the king must obey laws and nobles had certain rights.
What is representative government
A government where people elect delegates to make laws and conduct government
What did the English Bill of Rights limit?
Rulers could not impose laws, taxes, or raise an army without Parliament's consent.
What right did the English Bill of Rights protect?
The right to a trial by jury.
What did the English Bill of Rights prohibit
Cruel or unusual punishment
What is mercantilism?
An economic system where a country exports more than it imports
Why were colonies important under mercantilism?
They supplied raw materials to England and provided a market for English goods
What was the Middle Passage?
The forced journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas on ships
What was the Middle Passage like?
Enslaved people were chained and crammed onto ships with little food or water.
What was salutary neglect?
A long-standing British policy of loosely enforcing trade laws in the colonies
What was the French and Indian War?
A war between France and England that lasted 7 years
Where was the French and Indian War fought in America?
It was fought around the Ohio River Valley.
Who was George Washington?
He was a young lieutenant who gained military experience and fame.
What was the Albany Plan?
A plan by Benjamin Franklin to unite the 13 colonies.
What was the Treaty of Paris of 1763?
It ended the French and Indian War, and France lost most of its land in North America.
What was one result of the French and Indian War?
England had a lot of debt and conflict with Native Americans.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
It drew a line along the Appalachian Mountains that colonists could not cross to settle west.
What happened to colonists who settled west of the Proclamation Line?
They were told to move back east.
Why did the British government send troops to the colonies after 1763?
The government wanted to protect the frontier and had to pay for the troops.
What was the Revenue Act?
A law that raised money through taxes on goods.
What were writs of assistance?
Search warrants that did not require probable cause.
What was the Sugar Act?
A tax on molasses.
What was the Stamp Act?
A tax on printed materials such as wills, newspapers, and playing cards.
What was "No Taxation Without Representation"?
The idea that colonists should only be taxed by representatives they elected.
What was a boycott?
A refusal to buy certain goods or services.
What were the Sons of Liberty?
A group that protested taxes without representation and British rule.
Who were some leaders of the Sons of Liberty?
Sam Adams, John Adams, and Patrick Henry.
What does repeal mean?
To officially end or get rid of a law.
What was the Townshend Act?
Taxes on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea.
What were the Committees of Correspondence?
Groups that wrote letters to keep the colonies informed and organized.
Who organized the Committees of Correspondence?
Sam Adams.
What was the Boston Massacre?
Colonists were killed by British soldiers during a protest.
What caused the Boston Massacre?
A crowd of colonists confronted British soldiers, leading to violence and deaths.
What was the Tea Act?
A law that allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonies.
What was the Boston Tea Party?
A protest where colonists dressed as Indians and dumped tea into Boston Harbor.
What is civil disobedience?
Refusing to obey laws that are considered unjust, usually peacefully.
What is the consequence of civil disobedience?
You must accept the consequences of breaking the law.
What were the Intolerable Acts?
Laws passed to punish Boston and the Massachusetts colony.
What did the Intolerable Acts do to Boston Harbor?
They closed the port of Boston.
What did the Intolerable Acts change about town meetings?
They limited town meetings to one per year.
What happened to officials charged with a crime under the Intolerable Acts?
They could be tried in England.
What was the Quartering Act?
A law that required colonists to let British soldiers stay in their homes.
What was the Coercive Act?
Another name for the Intolerable Acts.
What was the First Continental Congress?
A meeting where delegates discussed how to respond to British actions.
What did the First Continental Congress do?
It agreed to boycott British goods and stop exporting goods to England.
What were Minutemen?
Colonial militia members who were ready to fight at a moment's notice.
What did Patrick Henry say in his famous speech?
"Give me liberty, or give me death!"
Who was Patrick Henry?
A leader who gave a speech encouraging Virginia to prepare for war.
Who was Paul Revere?
A rider who warned colonists that British soldiers were coming.
What did Paul Revere warn the colonists about?
That the British were coming.
What was Lexington known for?
The first shots of the American Revolution were fired there.
When did the American Revolution begin?
1775
Who was Ethan Allen?
A leader of the Green Mountain Boys who raided Fort Ticonderoga.
What happened at Fort Ticonderoga?
The Green Mountain Boys captured the fort and its cannons.
What was the Battle of Bunker Hill?
The first major battle of the Revolution.
Who won the Battle of Bunker Hill?
The British won, but the Americans showed bravery.
What did the Battle of Bunker Hill show?
It showed American bravery and British strength.
Who were Patriots?
Colonists who supported independence from Britain
Who were Loyalists?
Colonists who remained loyal to the British king.
Who was Abigail Adams?
John Adams's wife who supported women's rights.
What did Abigail Adams write in 1776
She wrote "Remember the ladies" to support women's rights.
What was the Declaration of Independence?
A document that separated the colonies from England.
When was the Declaration of Independence adopted
July 4, 1776.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson.
Who was on the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence?
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman.
Who was the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence?
John Hancock.
How many people signed the Declaration of Independence?
56 people signed it.
What is treason?
Betrayal of your own country
What is the preamble?
The introduction to a document.
What does the Declaration of Independence say about natural rights?
People have natural rights that cannot be taken away.
What are unalienable rights?
Rights that cannot be taken away, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Who was John Locke?
An English philosopher who influenced Jefferson's ideas about natural rights.
What did John Locke believe about government?
If a government does not protect people's rights, people can change or replace it.
What is a petition?
A request to the government asking it to make a change.
What was the Olive Branch Petition?
A petition promising loyalty to King George III and asking him to repeal the Intolerable Acts.
Who was George Washington?
The commander of the Continental Army.
What was Common Sense?
A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that encouraged colonists to fight for independence.
Why was Common Sense important?
It convinced many people to support independence.
What is a radical?
A person who wants major or dramatic changes in society.
What is a traitor?
A person who betrays their country.
What is the consent of government?
Permission of people to be under a government
What is Part 2 of the Declaration of Independence about?
A list of grievances against King George III of England
What is a tyrant?
Someone who uses their power unfairly
What is Part 3 of the Declaration of Independence about?
It announces that the colonies are now an independent nation
What a advantage.
A strength or something that helps you.
What is a disadvantage?
A weakness or something that makes it harder.
What was the first advantage for the Americans in the revolutionary war.
Americans were fighting of familiar lands.
What was the second advantage for the Americans in the revolutionary war.
The British had long distance to transport supplies ad messages. While the opposite for the Americans.
What was the third advantage for the Americans in the revolutionary war.
Had vast amount of land.
What was the fourth advantage for the Americans in the revolutionary war.
Fewer British citizens wanted to join the military. ( The king had to go buy mercenaries)