Digestive System Diagnostic, Surgical, and Therapeutic Procedures

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing diagnostic, surgical, and therapeutic procedures of the digestive system based on lecture materials.

oral cholecystography (OCG)

Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of an iodine-containing contrast material, usually as a tablet, to evaluate gallbladder function and identify disease or gallstones.

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues.

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Special MRI technique requiring no contrast medium that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems, including the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, and pancreatic duct.

ultrasonography (US)

Noninvasive test directing high-frequency sound waves at soft tissue that reflect as echoes to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo.

abdominal ultrasonography

Ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder to help diagnose cysts, tumors, and malformations, document disease progression, or guide instrument insertion.

endoscopic ultrasonography

Combination of endoscopy and ultrasound in which an endoscope inserted via the mouth or rectum emits high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the digestive tract and surrounding tissues.

upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)

Radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium; also called barium swallow.

anastomosis

Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another.

ileorectal anastomosis

Surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

intestinal anastomosis

Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines.

appendectomy

Excision of a diseased appendix using an open or laparoscopic procedure, usually occurring within $24\text{ to }48\text{ hours}$ of the first symptoms.

open appendectomy

Excision of a diseased appendix through a $2''\text{ to }3''$ incision in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.

laparoscopic appendectomy

Minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor.

bariatric surgery

Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition arising from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and its resultant health problems.

vertical banded gastroplasty

Bariatric surgery involving vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays passage.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)

Bariatric surgery involving stapling the stomach to decrease its size and shortening the jejunum to connect it to the small stomach pouch in a Y configuration; also called gastric bypass with gastroenterostomy.

colostomy

Surgical procedure that forms an opening (stoma) by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place to divert fecal flow.

lithotripsy

Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves.

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Noninvasive method using shock waves to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts, using ultrasound for localization and monitoring.

paracentesis

Procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen using a long, thin needle inserted through the belly; also called abdominocentesis.

polypectomy

Excision of a polyp discovered during sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy for microscopic tissue examination to detect abnormal or cancerous cells.

nasogastric intubation

Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention, instill medication, food, or fluids, or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis.