Non-specific immunity

Term to describe a bacterium, virus or other organism that can cause disease

Pathogen

Substance that is released by mast cells causing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

Histamine

The result of increased blood flow cause by the inflammatory response.

Clotting

How do phagocytes destroy pathogens

Engulfing

Two main stages of phagocytosis

Engulf

digest

process of phagocytosis

1. Phagocyte surrounds and engulfs the pathogen

2. Pathogen is enclosed in a phagocytic vesicle

3. Products of digestion are released into the cytoplasm of the phagocyte

4. Lysosome fuses with phagocytic vesicles releasing digestive enzymes

   
   

Substance cytokines are made of

Protein

Cells which form a physical barrier

Epithelial cells

Three locations of cells which form a physical barrier

Lungs, skin, and stomach

Two types of non-specific body defences

Chemical secretions and Physical barriers

Four examples of chemical secretions that are produced against invading pathogens

Acid, Mucus, Saliva, Tears

Organelle in a phagocyte containing digestive enzymes that destroy pathogens

Lysosome

Process, aided by accumulated clotting elements, that seals a wound

Clotting

Protein molecules released by phagocytes that attract more white blood cells to an infection site

Cytokines

Property of capillary walls that increases, allowing phagocytes and clotting elements out

Permeability

Process by which a phagocyte engulfs and destroys a pathogen

Phagocytosis

Chemical released by mast cells during the inflammatory response

Histamine