Western Civ Test #2

Minoans

• 1st important European civilization

• lived on the island of Crete

  
  

Mycenaeans

• first civilization on European MAINLAND

• Named after city of Mycenae

• established as traders

Trojan War

between Mycenaeans and city of Troy

• Mycenaeans surrounded and laid seige for 10 years

Homer

• the blind singing poet

• wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

who is ancient Greek culture and religion is tied to?

Homer

Illiad

about the 10 year Trojan War

Odyssey

about the 10 years after the war of the hero going home

what did Homer’s books do?

gave Greeks famous religion of their gods & goddesses

Olympian gods

• centered around Mt Olympus

• immortal Greek gods & godesses

heroes

glorified mortal human beings with unusual abilities and bravery

acropolis

hilltop fortress

agora

market place

barbarian

someone who didn’t speak Greek

4 things that unified the Greeks

1. Barbarians

2. language

3. religion

4. the Olympics

the Olympics

every 4 years, honour of Zeus

1896

Olympics started again and became international

499 BC

Ionia revolts against Persians

Ionian Revolt

starts the Greco Persian wars

Battle of Marathon

• caused a rivalry between Sparta and Athens

• 6400 Persians dead to 192 Athenians in the battle of marathon 

• elevated Athens

  
  

Battle of Thermopylae

• second major battle, led by King Leonidas

• 300 died

Battle of Salamis

• 1st major naval battle in history

• third major battle

• beginning of the end for Persia

monarchy

rule by one because of birth

• advised by a council of elders

  • made up by heads of families

• had an assembly of men (citizen) that would meet during the day

aristocracy

rule by a few because of birth and breeding

• “rule by the elite”

• made up of heads of the ruling families

oligarchy

rule by a few rich (“new money”)

• start of the cycle

tyranny

ruled by 1 who seizes power through rebellion

democracy

rule by many or “the common people”

• common people decide it’s too much work (lazy)

• “mob”ocracy

• cycle starts over again

Spartan oligarchy

military

Spartan ruling class

“true Spartans”

Spartan middle class

• merchants/business men

• not permitted in government

helots

• Spartan farmers/slaves

• had no priveleges

how did Sparta get more slaves?

expansion

Peloponnesian League

• Spartan military league for defense

• chief accomplishment 

Peisistratus

• 1st tyrant of Athens

• established laws

• created 1st library within Athens so that people were edumacated

• ruled until 508 BC

Cleisthenes

• 1st step from tyranny to democracy

• champion of the common people

• extend the council of 400 to 500

• establish Ostracism

  • banishment 

Pericles

• fullest measure of democracy

• Golden Age of Greece

Peloponnesian War

• 431BC - 404 BC

• Peloponnesian League (Sparta) vs Delian League (Athens)

Philip II

• 359 BC - becomes king of Macedonia

• 338 BC has conquered all of Greece

Alexander the Great

• son of Philip II