Lesson 2- EAP, BBP, and Rescuer Wellbeing

what are the 3 main aspects of an emergency action plan

• provide steps and guidance for what to do in an emergency situation

• should be reviewed at least once a tear by all involved personnel

• helps to ensure that the best possible care is provided in an emergency

what are the parts of an emergency action plan

1. venue directions

2. emergency personnel

3. emergency communication

4. emergency equipment

5. first responder roles

what are the ways to prevent blood borne pathogen transmission

• treat all human blood and body substances as if they are known to be infectous

• hand hygiene

• PPE

• work practice controls

• equipment cleaning and disinfecting

what is the most effective measure to prevent the spread of infection

hand washing

when should you wash your hands and for how long

• before providing care (if possible)

• after providing care

• for 60 seconds

when should you use alcohol based sanitizers and are they as effective as hand washing

• when soap and water are not available

• hands are not visibly soiled

• NO

what are the types of PPE

• disposable gloves

• gown

• mask

• protective eyewear (NOT GLASSES)

• breathing barriers

what are the 6 workplace controls for BBE transmission

1. disposing of sharps in puncture resistant leak-proof containers

2. avoid splashing, spraying, and splattering. of infectious materials

3. removing and disposing of soiled PPE

4. cleaning and disinfecting all soiled equipment and surfaces

5. not eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, or touching body areas in environments where exposure is possible

6. isolating contaminated materials

what are blood borne pathogens

bacteria and viruses present in blood and bodily fluids, which can cause disease in humans

what fluids can carry blood borne pathogens

• cerebrospinal fluid

• synovial fluid

• saliva (if bloody)

• fecal matter

• seman

• vaginal secretions

• ANY FLUID WHICH IS CONTAMINATED WITH BLOOD

what are the 3 most common blood borne pathogens

• hepatitis B

• hepatitis C

• human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (leads to AIDS)

what does the hep B virus cause

liver infection leading to swelling, soreness, and loss of normal liver function

what are the signs of hep B

• flu like symptoms

• fatigue, weakness, nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever

• possible jaundice

what is the prevention and response for hep B

• 3-part vaccination process over 6 months

• immunity can wear off

• can be given post exposure

what are the characteristics of the hep C virus

• liver disease

• the most common BBP in the US

• 67% infected develop liver disease or cancer

• NO TREATMENT (can treat symptoms)

what are the signs of hep C

• 80% have no symptoms

• jaundice

• mild abdominal pain

• loss of appetite

• nausea

• fatigue

• muscle

• joint pain

what are the characteristics of HIV

• causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

• infected person may not know for years (dormant)

• potential to destroy the immune system

• attacks WBCs and destroys ability to fight infection

what are the signs and symptoms of HIV

• fatigue

• weight loss

• muscle

• joint pain

• swollen glands

• night sweats

• fever

what is the treatment for HIV

• no vaccine

• currently treated and managed with drug cocktails

• can treat and manage the symptoms

what conditions must be met for pathogens to spread

1. pathogen is present

2. pathogen passes through correct entry site

3. peson is susceptible to pathogen

4. sufficient quantity is present to cause disease

We don’t know if these conditions are met so we always assume that fluids are infectious

what are the three ways that pathogens can spread

1. direct contact

2. indirect contact

3. droplet and vector borne transmission

direct contact

infect body fluids from one person enters another person’s body through something like the nose mouth or a cut

indirect contact

person touches an object that contains body fluid from an infected person

droplet and vector borne transmission

• person inhales droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze, like the flu virus

• body’s skin is penetrated by an infectious source like a bite, sting, or needle