GACE 713 Terms

Vignette

A short descriptive passage or scene within a larger story or work; generally serves to establish mood, setting, or character rather than advance the plot.

Syntax

The order in which words are arragned in order to create meaning

Enjambent

In poetry or verse, the technique of breaking a line of verse in the middle of a phrase so that the phrase continues on the next line without a natural pause between lines.

Active Voice

When the subject is acting, the verb is in the ...

Sonnet

A formal poem consisting of fourteen lines and following a standard rhyme scheme.

Elegy

A poem or song of lamen tation written in honor of a deceased person.

Paradox

A provocative statement that contradicts itself yet is typically true in some sense.

Rhetoric

A form of discourse, designed to persuade, typically by appealing to ethics, logic, and emotion.

Quatrain

In verse (poetry), a stanza consisting of four lines which usually conforms to a particular rhyme scheme.

Parallelism

The repetition of grammatical structures within a sentence or passage, often for emphasis or to draw connections between objects.

Internal Rhyme

A rhyme between words in the same line.

Prose

Any form of writing that does not observe the limiting features of verse, particularly line breaks. Prose is the most dominant form of both fiction and non-fiction.

Formative Assessment

Ongoing assessments used to monitor student learning and provide feedback. This helps teachers adjust instruction based on student needs and understanding.

Differentiated Instruction

Tailoring teaching methods, and resources to accommodate different learning styles, abilities, and interests within a diverse classroom.

Couplet

In verse, a pair of consecutive lines of poetry that form a complete thought, usually rhyming and having the same meter and sometimes placed in their own stanza.

Direct Instruction

A structured approach where the teacher explicitly teaches concepts and skills through modeling, guided practice, and independent practice.

Consonance

The repetition of one or more consonant sounds that are close together, such as within a single sentence or line of poetry.

Characterization

Any of the various techniques used by an author to reveal the traits of a character to the reader.

Word Webs

Graphic representation of the relationships among words that are constructed by connecting related terms with lines.

Setting

The time and place in which a story unfolds.

Soliloquy

A monologue given by a character in a play at a time when the character is alone or believes no other characters are present.

Epilogue

A concluding section or speech at the end of a literary work, often used to provide closure.

Adverb

A word that describes/modiefies a verb, adj., noun or other verb.

Assonance

Repetition of similar vowel sounds within words and phrases, commonly used for a lyrical effect in poetry and other literary forms.

Free Verse

A form of poetry that does not follow a specific meter, rhyme scheme, or rhythm.

Antithesis

A rhetorical technique that uses parallel grammatical structure to contrast two opposing ideas.

Adjective Phrase

Usually a prepositional phrase that can modify a noun or pronoun.

Foil

A character whose traits contrast with those of the protagonist or another main character, thereby highlighting some aspect of that character.

Hymn

Religious song or poem of praise to God.

Etymology

The origin and history of words.

Anagram

A word or phrase that can be spelled by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase.

Euphemism

A figure of speech that softens an unpleasant or offensive idea by substituting a polite phrase instead.

Analogy

A comparison that explains how two dissimilar things are similar in some ways, usually with the purpose of explaining complex ideas or making a persuasive argument.

Limerick

A type of poem, often humorous, made up of three long lines and two short lines that follow an aabba rhyme scheme.

Allusion

An indirect reference to something outside of the text, usually a person, thing, or idea that is generally familiar to the audience.

Motif

The technique of using repetition of an idea, event, place, thing, or symbol throughout a literary work to illuminate and expand the major themes.

Metaphor

Comparison NOT using like or as.

Ode

A formal poem that celebrates and praises a person, place, thing, or idea.

Monologue

An extended speech given by one speaker or character, either to themselves, or to others without interruption.

Parable

A short story devised to provide a moral pr spiritual lesson, often using metaphor, simile, or symbolism to make the moral more accessible to the audience.

Homonyms

Two words are spelled alike and sound alike, but have different meanings.

Tercet

A unit of poetry consisting of three lines. Lines in a tercet may or may not rhyme with each other or with lines of an adjacent tercet.

Satire

A literary style that ridicules human vice or folly, often through humor, irony, and sarcasm.

Compound Sentence

Two independent clauses joined together with the correct punctuation.

Double Entendre

A figure of speech with two possible interpretations one of which is usually ironic and/or lewd.

Anachronism

A historically inaccurate detail in a literary work, included by author unintentionally or deliberately.

Villanelle

A formal poem consisting of nineteen lines arranged into five tercets followed by a concluding quatrain that ends with a rhyming couplet; it also has a complex rhyme and repetition scheme, in which the entire first and third lines of the first tercet are alternately repeated as the third lines of each tercet, until they appear as the final rhyming couplet.

Metonymy

A figure of speech in which the name of one object or concept is substituted for the name of something else that is closely related to it.

Synecdoche

A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to signify the whole or vice versa.

Trochee

In poetry, a two-syllable foot in which the first syllable is stressed and the second is unstressed.

Morphemes

The smallest units of meaning in a language.

Litotes

A figure of speech consisting of an ironic understatement in which a positive statement is made by negating the opposite.

Terza Rema

A poetic form in which multiple tercets are arranged in a particular rhyme scheme and, usually, a particular meter. The second line of each tercet rhymes with the first and third of the next, creating aba bcb cdc ded rhyme scheme.

Absolute Phrase

Consists of a noun or pronoun and at least one other word that modifies an entire sentence, not just a word.

Polysyndeton

The repetition of conjugations to connect a series of words, clauses, or sentences. It may emphasize the relationships between the items in the series and add rhythm to a list when reciting.

Cinquain

In poetry, a five-line stanza or one of several established types of five-line poems.

Chiasmus

A figure of speech in which one phrase follows another that inverts its grammatical construction.

Malapropism

The misuse or mispronunciation of word or phrase, often in the form of a word being replaced with a similar sounding word.

Caesura

A pause in the middle of a line of poetry or verse, sometimes marked by punctuation.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a series of sentences or clauses, usually creating a rhythmic effect.

Scaffolding

Providing temporary support to students as they learn new concepts, gradually removing assistance as they become more proficient.

Epigram

A brief, witty, satirical statement that is generally memorable on account of being paradoxical, humorous, or poetic.

Iambic pentameter

A commonly used meter in English verse in which each line consists of ten syllables arranged in five iambs.

Allegory

A literary work in which nearly all events, characters, settings, and other literal elements of the story have a second, symbolic meaning.

Adverbial Clause

A dependent clause that acts as an adverb in the sentence and begins with as subordinating conjunction.

Aphorism

A brief, memorable statement that captures a broad, universal truth or idea.

Apostrophe

A rhetorical device in which a speaker adresses either an inanimate object or a person who is absent or dead.

Ballad

Kind of song that has a storyline, whether it's dramatic, funny, or romantic.

Blank Verse

Poetry or prose that does not rhyme, but has a consistent meter, usually iambic pentameter.

Comparitive Adjective

Tells the difference between two objects, people, ideas, or places.

Oxymoron

A figure of speech linking two opposite or contradicting words or ideas together to form a neat paradox.

Cooperative learning

AKA: Group learning. An instructional strategy where students work together in small groups to achieve learning goals. This promotes team work, communication, and peer support.

Denoument

The final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work.

Epithet

A descriptive phase that accompanies or replaces the name of a character or thing.

Old English

(450-1066)

-The earliest form of written English

-Influenced by languages and lingustics from countries such as Germnay, Italy, France, etc.

Middle English

(1066-1500)

- Many texts of this time are religious or feature religious themes and symbols

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Renaissance

(1500-1660)

- originated in Western Europe, primarily Italy, and was based on priciples of humanism

- rebirth of society, culture, art

- figures like michaelangelo, leonardo da vinci, edmund spencer

Elizabethan Age

1558-1603. Encouraged expansion, exploration and colonization in the New World, especially after England defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588. Muscovy Company and British East India Company founded as first joint stock companies.

First English colonists settled in Roanoke colony in present day Virginia.

Shakespeare

Jacobean Age

1603-1625: That portion of the Renaissance during the reign of James I. It is the greatest period for the English drama; Shakespeare wrote his greatest tragedies and his tragicomedies.

Restoration Period

(1660-1700)

- titled because of the restoration of the monarchy

- Literatureproduced was titled restoartion lit. because it was a reaction to the resotration

- comment on life before

Romantic Period

(1785-1832)

- valued honor, chivalry, union with nature, expression of emotion, sense of individualism

-Influenced by the industrial revolution

- Age of Enlightenment

Mary Shelley, Jane Austen

Victorian

1837-1901,

-overlaps with industrial revolution.

-Darwin Theory of evolution. Lots of novels.

-tend to be idealised portraits of difficult lives in which hard work, perseverance, love, and luck win out in the end; virtue would be rewarded and wrongdoers are suitably punished. -Dickens, Browning, Thackeray, Bronte, Austen, George Eliot, Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Modernism

(1914-1945)

- innovations in photography, moving picture, stream-of-consciousness, self-reflection

- Abstractism and Formalism

- Joyce, TS Elliot, Yeats, Beckett, Virginia Woolf

Post-modernism

(1945- present)

- Fragmented narratives and introspection, but rejects the 'grand narrative'

- uses skepticism, self-referential techniques and concrete binary oppositions

-believe in accurately depicting state of society, which is broken, disconnected, obscure, irrational, and multi-faceted.

- Flourishing of theories such as feminism, queer theory, and ecocriticism.