RIZAL: TERMS

Administrative Code Section 927

Prohibits discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers.

Alcalde Mayor

Head of a provincial government level in Spanish Philippines.

Anthropocentrism

Philosophical view centered on human experience rather than God.

Arithmetica

Mathematics textbook by Rufino Baltazar Hernandez sent to Ferdinand Blumentritt.

Batikuling

Type of wood used by Rizal to carve the image of the Virgin Mary.

Bootikens (The Iron Boot)

Torture device designed to crush feet and legs.

Cabeza de Barangay

Head of the barrio government.

Carruaje

Horse-drawn carriage owned by affluent families like the Rizals.

Chateau d'If

Famous fortress/prison setting in The Count of Monte Cristo.

Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace

Silver-medal winning painting by Felix Hidalgo.

Claveria Decree (1849)

Edict issued by Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria on the Hispanization of surnames.

Compañerismo

Fraternal society of Filipino students formed by Rizal at UST.

Cumplace

Power of the Governor-General to withhold execution of royal decrees.

Diariong Tagalog

Bilingual newspaper founded in Manila by Marcelo H. del Pilar.

Divide and Rule

Colonial policy provoking native groups to fight among themselves.

Education Decree of 1869

Placed all Philippine schools under government supervision.

El Amigo de los Niños

Reading book containing the fable "The Moth and the Flame".

El Combate

Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo

El Consejo de los Dioses

Winning allegorical prose by Rizal celebrating Cervantes.

El Embarque

Himno a la Flota de Magallanes

El Filibusterismo

Rizal's second novel dedicated to the Gomburza priests.

El Heroismo de Colon

Tribute poem written by Rizal to Columbus.

Encomienda

Colonial land/governance system entrusted to private persons or the Church.

Externo / Interno

Classifications for day-boarder students versus dormitory residents.

Falla

Payment exacted to gain exemption from compulsory manual labor (polo).

Felicitacion

Poem written by Rizal for his brother-in-law Antonio Lopez.

Frailocracy (Frailocracia)

The socio-political rule exerted by Spanish friars/regular clergy.

Fray Botod

Satirical short novel written by Graciano Lopez Jaena.

Gobernadorcillo

Head of a town or pueblo.

Governor General

Chief executive, head of state/church, and military commander in chief.

Guardia Civil

Civil guard corps created for the protection of civilians.

Historia Universal

Multi-volume history book written by Cesare Cantu.

Indios, Chongo! / Kastila, Bangus!

Racial slurs exchanged during student brawls at UST.

Indulto de Comercio

Commercial trading privilege granted to an Alcalde Mayor.

Isolation Policy

Policy secluding the Philippines and confining trade to the Galleon trade.

Judas Cradle

Pyramidal torture device used during the Inquisition.

Junto al Pasig

Stage play written by Rizal for the Feast day of the Immaculate Conception.

La Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Educacion

Rizal's poem on education and faith.

La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes Catolicos en Granada

Poem recounting a Spanish victory over the Moors.

La Tragedia de San Eustaqio

Poem by Rizal recounting the story of St. Eustace.

Laong Laan / Dimasalang

Pen name and Masonic name used by Jose Rizal.

Mi Piden Versos

Poem written by Rizal for the Circulo Hispano-Filipino.

Mi Primera Inspiracion

Poem dedicated by Rizal to his mother on her birthday.

Noli Me Tangere

First novel written and published by Jose Rizal.

Patronato Real (Royal Patronage)

Mutual agreement placing the Church under royal authority.

Pear of Anguish

Expanding metal torture device inserted into orifices.

Polo y Servicios

Compulsory manual labor required for native males aged 16 to 60.

Por La Educacion Recibe Lustre La Patria

Poem by Rizal on the benefits of education.

Principalia

The town aristocracy/elite social class in Spanish Philippines.

Regular Priests / Secular Priests

Spanish order priests vs. native/diocesan priests.

Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law)

Law mandating courses on Jose Rizal in all schools.

Residencia / Visitador

Investigating bodies sent to audit colonial Spanish officials.

Revolucion de Disgusto

The 1868 Spanish revolution that ousted Queen Isabel II.

Rizal Bill

Original measure filed by Sen. Claro M. Recto in 1956.

Sa Aking Mga Kababata (Sa Aking Katutubong Wika)

Rizal's early poem on native tongue.

Secularization Movement

Campaign advocating for native priests to hold parishes.

Spoliarium

Gold-medal winning painting by Juan Luna.

Strappado (Garrucha / The Pulley)

Torture technique involving hoisting a victim by tied arms.

Tagalische Verskunst

Academic paper on Tagalog metrical art lectured by Rizal in Berlin.

The Head Crusher

Spanish Inquisition screw-press device for compressing the head.

The Heretics Fork

Two-pronged metal rod fastened under the chin and sternum.

The Breast Ripper (Spanish Spider)

Claw device used to tear tissue from the torso.

The Rack

Rectangular frame used to stretch limbs until joints dislocated.

The Turtle

Method of crushing a victim under a board weighted with heavy stones.

The Wandering Jew

Novel by Eugene Sue that influenced Rizal.

Toca (Waterboarding)

Torture technique using cloth and water to simulate drowning.

Tribute

Annual tax imposed on individuals/families as a symbol of vassalage.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that inspired Rizal.

Un Dialogo Alusivo a La Despedida de los Colegiales

Farewell poem for Atenean graduates.

Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo

Poem describing Rizal's childhood home town.

Viceroy of Mexico

Representative of the Spanish King who indirectly ruled the Philippines.