Computer Science Review: Operating Systems, Excel 2019, Networking, and ICT Applications

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Operating Systems (OS) and GUI, MS Excel 2019 Formulae, Functions, and Charts, Computer Networking and Topologies, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Applications and Cybersecurity.

What is an operating system (OS)?

A set of system programs that manages computer hardware, software resources, memory, and files, and handles input/output and peripheral devices, acting as a link between the user and the computer.

What is a Batch Processing Operating System?

An operating system where all jobs to be processed are accepted as a group (batch) and processed together at a pre-defined time slot, such as data transfer and updating in banks.

What is a Character User Interface (CUI)?

An interface (also known as Command Line User Interface) that allows the user to interact with computer programs by entering commands or instructions as lines of text using characters and numbers, without supporting pointing devices like a mouse.

What does DOS stand for and what are its key characteristics?

DOS stands for Disk Operating System; it is a single-task and single-user type of system software executed from a hard disk drive that was the dominant PC operating system in the 1980s.

What is a Menu-driven Interface and where is it commonly used?

An on-screen, text-based interface that displays options selected via arrow keys, the Enter key, or mouse clicks; it is commonly used in ATM machines, movie ticket machines, and information kiosks.

What is a Graphical User Interface (GUI)?

A user-friendly interface that enables people to interact with electronic devices through visual elements such as menus, icons, tabs, and buttons using a pointing device, without requiring the user to recall commands.

When was Windows 11 released and what type of operating system is it?

Windows 11 is a GUI-based operating system that is the latest release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system, released in October 2021.

What is the Aero Peek feature in Windows 10?

Also known as Desktop Preview, it is a feature in Windows 10 that provides a preview of the open windows on your taskbar.

What is the difference between Android and iOS mobile operating systems?

Android is a Linux-based, open-source operating system created by Google for touchscreen devices, whereas iOS is a proprietary operating system developed by Apple (released in 2007) exclusively for Apple devices such as iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch.

What medical condition can radio and electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones trigger?

They can cause dysesthesia, an unpleasant nerve pain caused by triggering responses from nerves in the ears, face, and scalp.

What is booting?

The process of starting the computer's operating system and loading the files of an operating system into the computer's memory.

What symbol must every formula begin with in Microsoft Excel?

Every formula must begin with an equal sign ($=$); if not entered, Excel treats the entry as plain text.

What mathematical evaluation rule does Microsoft Excel follow, and what does its acronym stand for?

Excel follows the rule of BEDMAS, which stands for Brackets, Exponentiation, Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction.

In Microsoft Excel, what do the error messages ####, #Name?, and #Value! indicate?

indicates that the column is not wide enough to display the value; #Name? indicates that the formula is used incorrectly; and #Value! indicates that the formula contains an invalid argument or missing value.

What are the three types of cell references in Excel?

Relative Referencing, Absolute Referencing, and Mixed Referencing.

How does Relative Referencing work when a formula is copied in Excel?

The address of the referenced cell changes automatically relative to the new position where the formula is copied.

How is Absolute Referencing designated in an Excel formula?

It is designated by adding a dollar sign (\) before the column letter and/or row number (e.g., $A5 \times \$B\$2 \times \$B\$3 / 100$) so that the reference remains unchanged when copied.

What is Mixed Referencing in Excel?

A combination of relative and absolute referencing where either only the row is fixed (e.g., $B\$2$) or only the column is fixed (e.g., $\$A5$).

How many worksheets are available by default in Excel 2019, and what are their names?

There are $3$ worksheets named Sheet 1, Sheet 2, and Sheet 3.

What is the primary difference between sorting and filtering data in Excel?

Sorting rearranges data in ascending or descending order, whereas filtering hides rows and columns that do not meet specified criteria without rearranging the data.

What are the three types of filtering available in Excel?

Auto filter, Custom filter, and Advanced filter.

What is the keyboard shortcut to filter data in Excel?

Ctrl + Shift + L.

What is Conditional Formatting in Excel?

A feature that formats cells (such as changing font style, size, color, or borders) based on a set of specified conditions.

In an Excel 2-D chart, what are the Category axis and the Value axis?

The horizontal axis (X-axis) is the Category axis, and the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the Value axis.

What is the structural difference between a Column chart and a Bar chart in Excel?

A column chart displays data in vertical bars with categories on the horizontal axis and values on the vertical axis, whereas a bar chart displays data in horizontal bars with categories on the vertical axis and values on the horizontal axis.

When is a Doughnut chart used instead of a Pie chart in Excel?

A doughnut chart is used when multiple data series result in a larger sum, displaying each data series as a ring showing the relationship of a part to a whole.

What are Sparklines in Excel?

Mini charts that fit into a single worksheet cell to provide a visual representation of data and analyze trends.

What hardware components are required to set up a wired computer network?

A hub/switch, Ethernet cables (wires), and a Network Interface Card (NIC or LAN card).

What does MODEM stand for, and what are modulation and demodulation?

MODEM stands for MODULATOR-DEMODULATOR; modulation is the process of converting analog signals to digital signals, and demodulation is the process of converting digital signals to analog signals.

What is the coverage radius of a Local Area Network (LAN)?

A LAN interconnects computers and peripheral devices within a radius of less than $1\,\text{km}$.

What is a Campus Area Network (CAN) and what is its geographic range?

A computer network that interconnects multiple local area networks (LANs) within an educational institution or corporate campus, spanning a range of $1\,\text{km}$ to $5\,\text{km}$.

What is a piconet in Bluetooth technology?

A Bluetooth Personal Area Network (PAN) that operates within an optimal range of $10\,\text{meters}$, implemented with small mobile or home devices.

What is the primary compatibility difference between IIS and Apache web servers?

The IIS (Internet Information Server) web server is compatible with Windows operating systems only, whereas the Apache web server is compatible with almost all operating systems.

In the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), what is the difference between downloading and uploading?

Downloading is transferring a file from the server to a remote computer (client), while uploading is transferring a file from a remote computer (client) to the server.

What is the difference between IMAP and POP3 email protocols?

IMAP stores email messages on a mail server and allows users to view and edit them locally, while POP3 is an Internet standard protocol that allows email clients to retrieve email messages from an email server.

What is the main advantage and major single point of failure in a Star network topology?

The advantage is that if one cable or device fails, all others remain functional; the single point of failure is that if the central hub fails, the entire network goes down.

What is the main architectural difference between a client-server network and a peer-to-peer (P2P) network?

In a client-server network, client nodes request services and the designated server node responds with services, whereas in a peer-to-peer network, every node has equal responsibilities and can both demand and deliver services.

What does the acronym SMART stand for in smartphones?

Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology.

What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous learning?

Synchronous learning occurs when teachers and students interact together in real time at the same time and location, whereas asynchronous learning occurs when students interact and access resources at their own pace over a longer period.

How much free cloud storage does Google Drive provide to each user?

$15\,\text{gigabytes}$ (GB) of free storage.

What are the file size limits for email attachments, WeTransfer, and Sendspace?

Email attachments cannot exceed $25\,\text{MB}$, WeTransfer allows free file sharing up to $2\,\text{GB}$, and Sendspace allows free transfers up to $300\,\text{MB}$.

What is a cookie in web browsing?

A text message given to a web browser by a web server that is saved in a text file by the browser to store user-specific data and prepare customized web pages.

What is social engineering in the context of cybersecurity?

A type of cybersecurity attack that depends on human interaction to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information or downloading malware.

What is Cyber Hygiene?

The practice of keeping computers and devices clean and free of malware by installing updates as soon as they are available and using reputable security software.

What are Dart and Flutter as developed by Google?

Dart is a client-optimized programming language designed for fast apps on any platform (web, mobile, server, desktop), and Flutter is an open-source framework for building natively compiled, multi-platform applications from a single codebase.

What does Green IoT refer to?

The issue of reducing the energy consumption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices through hardware and software solutions to achieve a sustainable environment for IoT systems.