Pharm Ultimate Review

what drugs cause ototoxicity?

aminoglycosides

ASA

loop diuretics

what lab to check before starting MTX?

liver levels

G6Pd def can’t get what meds?

oxidant drugs (nitrofurantoin, phenazopyridine, dapsone, sulfa)

if treating UTI → cephalexin

amitriptyline SE

antichol → orthostatic hypotension and sedation

levetiracetam MOA

binding to synaptic vesicle protein 2A

(for epilepsy)

sodium channel blockers

1. phenytoin

2. carbamazepine

3. valproate

4. lamotrigine

5. topiramate

calcium channel blockers

1. gabapentin

2. ethosuximide

3. valproate

gaba agonists

1. benzos

2. phenobarbital

3. topiramate

most common SE of bromocriptine

nausea

A 54-year-old woman with a history of hyperthyroidism presents to the ED with fever, vomiting, palpitations, and tremors. Which of the following would you expect to find on physical exam?

this is a thyroid storm → ocular proptosis and high output heart failure

tx for thyroid storm

adrenergic blockade (propranolol)

then you can do MTX or PTU

steroidswhat

what to warm when starting someone on oral isotretinoin for very severe acne?

its a tertogen → pregnancy test AND 2x birth control

Which of the following underlying conditions is most frequently complicated by hyperviscosity syndrome?

waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

elevated serum viscosity that causes sludging, decreased microvascular perfusion, and vascular stasis. The most common cause of hyperviscosity syndrome is elevated serum protein,

leukapheresis, plasmapheresis for patients with elevated proteins, and phlebotomy

hemophilia b

Factor IX deficiency

X-linked recessive, more common in male patients** (men have it)

→ proonged aPTT

hemarthrosis (same for hemo a)

ondanesetron

serotonin 3 receptor antagonist (antiemetic)

ondansetron SE

QT prolongation

TZD SE* (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone)

1. edema

2. weight gain

3. fluid retentsion

4. macular edema

5. anemia

6. fracture risk

7. heart failure

pioglitazone BBW*

heart failure

pregnant mom has flu, what tx?

neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir

(baloxavir is prophylaxis but not safe in pregnant women)

asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnancy tx*

cephalexin

shingles (herpes zoster) tx

acetaminophen for pain control + antivirals

BB overdose

hypotension

bradycardia

hypoglycemia

prolonged PR/QRS

BB overdose tx

isotonic IV fluids and atropine

severe: intravenous glucagon, high-dose insulin (with glucose), calcium salts, and lipid emulsion therapy

opioid overdose

decreased bowel sounds and miosis

dec resp rate, hypotension and bradycardia

CCBs to sugar

hyperglycemia

pallor, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, malaise, and lethargy = _ overdose

acetaminophen

meds for RA

dmards (MTX, PTU, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide)

bactrim can cause what renal issue

acute interstitial nephritis (AIN - rash, fever, INC plasma creatinine, eosinophilia, white cell casts)

procainamide #1 adverse effect

torsades

rifampin MOA

inhibition of DNA dependent RNA polymerase → DEC RNA synthesis

hydroxyurea is used for

sickle cell disease

adenosine is for

SVT

amiodarone is for

v fib

a fib meds first ine

IV CCB and BB

croup tx

support

corticosteroids (dexamethasone)

mod-severe = racemic epi

atypical PNA tx*

azithromycin

COPD + flu tx

oseltamivir

Cryptococcus meningitis tx

IV amphotericin B and oral fluconazole

chronic urticaria tx

doxepin

simple cellulitis tx

cephalexin

amoxicillin

dicloxacillin

rosacea med tx

TOP metronidazone

granuloma inguinale med tx

PO doxycycline

pityriasis rosea med tx (if needed)

TOP corticosteroid

lichen planus med tx*

TOP flucinonide

what prophylaxis drug for bite wounds?

augmentin

tinea capitus tx

ORAL griseofulvin (antifungals)

erysipelas tx

PCN

gillian-barre syndrome tx

IVIG and plasmapheresis

raynauds tx

PO CCB

avoid cold

huntingtons tx

tetrabenazine

complex febrile seizure tx*

benzodiazepines

ankylosing spondylitis tx

#1: exercise and pt

#2: NSAIDS (celebrix or naproxen)

#2: TNF alpha inhibitor (infliximab)

migraine abortive tx

triptans

migraine main prophylaxis

BB

TCA

immune thrombocytopenia tx

IVIG

steroid

#1 tx for mastitis

dicloxacillin

acetaminophen toxicity

stage 1: nausea, anorexia, vomiting

stage 2: RUQ pain and tenderness (day 1-3)

stage 3: (day 3-4) hepatic failure

Which of the following characteristics of a medication has the largest impact on its bioavailability?

route of administration

bacterial prostatitis tx

bactrim

c diff tx

PO vanco OR metronidazole

pregnant mom has flu tx

oseltamivir

mycoplasma PNA tx (hint: does not respond to beta lactams)

doxycycline

azithromycin

moxifloxacin

adenosine SE

facial flushing

procainamide warning

agranulocytosis

first drug for hyperthyroidism sx management

propranolol

addisons disease tx

PO hydrocortisone (steroid)

sjogren tx

pilocarpine or cevimeline (to stimulate saliva)

cyclosporine is used for

INC tear production in sjogren

hyperaldosterone tx

high-dose spironolactone or eplerenone (aldosterone antagonist)