Chapter 4 - Periodic Trends

When electrons are removed, the remaining electrons feel a stronger pull from the nucleus, and the ion becomes ______.

Smaller

What is an isoelectronic species?

Group of atoms and ion that all contain the same number of electrons, but they have different numbers of protons

Within an isoelectronic series, the atom with more protons will be ______. Why?

Smaller; Because extra positive charge causes the nucleus to pull more tightly on the atom’s electrons, bringing them in closer and decreasing the size of the atom

What is ionization energy?

Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom

Ionization energy increases when moving ______ and to the _______ on the periodic table,

Up and to the right

What does electronegativity measure?

How strongly an atom pulls on electrons in a chemical bond

What is electron affinity?

Electron affinity is the energy change when an electron is added to a gaseous atom

Both electronegativity and electron affinity generally increase when moving ______ and to the _______ on the periodic table.

Up and to the right

What are the exceptions to the trend for electron affinity?

Chlorine vs Fluorine

Beryllium

Nitrogen