L 12

what is a karyotype

the visual profile or map of all chromosomes in a cell of an organism

• typically arranged in a pattern according to their length and the position of their centromeres

in human karyotypes what does p and q stand form
what about A-G and G bands

p → short arm
q → long arm

A-G grouping by size and centromere position

G-bands → giemsa staining

what is the ratio of the chromosomes length with a metacentric split and what does the shape look like once it splits

equal lengths

V

what is the ratio of the chromosome length with a submetacentric split and what does the shape look like once it splits

about 70/30

J

what is the ratio of the chromosome length with a acrocentric split and what does the shape look like once it splits

90:10

I shaped

what is a acentric and a dicentric chromosome

acentric → a chromosome that lacks a centromere
dicentric chromosome → a chromosome with 2 centromeres

how does a dicentric chromosome come around and what happens to it

two acrocentric chromosomes found in an ancestor, will go through fusion of telomeres on the short arms forming a dicentric chromosome

centromere inactivation will deactivate the centromere on the long arm, leaving the chromosome as a normal submetacentric chromosome

how many chromosomes do the great apes have, how about humasn

48,46

is there any indication that there was an inactivated centromere once it becomes a normal one

no