Anatomy of Human Eye

Vocabulary flashcards covering the structures, functions, optical mechanics, and visual processing pathways of the human eye based on the lecture transcript.

Lateral side of the eye

The top section in the eye diagram, referring to the side toward the outside of the body.

Medial side of the eye

The bottom section in the eye diagram, referring to the inside of the eye closest to the midline.

Eye movement muscles

Muscles located on the medial and lateral sides of the eye that move the eye left and right.

Scara

The white of the eye that acts as a protective layer holding all internal contents in.

Cornea

A clear outer layer positioned in front of the pupil, lens, and iris.

Pupil

The black central opening inside the iris through which light enters the eye.

Lens

The eye structure that changes shape to focus light onto the retina for seeing objects close up and far away.

Iris

The colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil that contracts and expands to adjust light entry.

Iris contraction

The shrinking action of the iris in bright environments that reduces pupil size to limit incoming light.

Iris expansion

The enlarging action of the iris in dark environments that expands pupil size to allow more light in.

Ciliary muscles

Two muscles attached to the lens that help change its shape for viewing distant and near objects.

Choid layer

A vascular layer located inside the Scara filled with blood vessels that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the retina.

Retina

A thin, fragile layer along the back of the eye containing cells that detect light intensity and wavelength.

Fobia

A small indention on the retina where most rods and cones are located and direct visual light focuses.

Rods

Photoreceptor cells in the retina, primarily in the fobia, that detect the intensity or brightness of light.

Cones

Photoreceptor cells in the retina, primarily in the fobia, that detect the color or wavelength of visible light.

Peripheral vision

Vision resulting from light entering from the periphery and focusing on areas of the retina outside the fobia.

Vitus gel

A fluid gel filling the interior of the eye that maintains internal pressure to keep the eye from squishing.

Vitus humor

Another term for Vitus gel, where 'humor' refers specifically to a fluid.

Optic nerve

The nerve pathway that sends action potentials or signals from the retina to the brain.

Occipital lobe

The region of the cerebrum that receives signals from the optic nerve to process visual images.

Cerebrum

The main portion of the brain containing the occipital lobe where image processing takes place.

Direct vision light path

Light from an object looked at directly passing through cornea, pupil, and lens, focusing straight onto the fobia.

Farsightedness

A visual condition where distant objects are clear, but close objects appear blurry.

Farsighted lens shape

A lens stretched too thin, causing light from nearby objects to converge behind the retina.

Farsighted light convergence

Light converging behind the retina, producing a spread-out, blurry image on the retinal surface.

Nearsightedness

A visual condition where close objects are seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurry.

Nearsighted lens shape

A lens that is wider, causing light rays to converge before reaching the retina.

Nearsighted light convergence

Light converging in front of the retina, resulting in spread-out, blurry light by the time it reaches the retina.

Normal vision light convergence

Light rays bending through the lens and converging directly onto the retina to form a clear, crisp image.

Light intensity

The brightness level of light entering the eye, detected specifically by rod cells.

Wavelength

The property of visible light that determines color, detected specifically by cone cells.

Action potentials

Electrical signals generated in the retina and transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain.

Eye pressure

The internal structural force maintained by Vitus gel that prevents the eye from becoming flat.

Midline

The central axis of the body toward which the medial side of the eye is oriented.

Front view of the eye

An anatomical perspective displaying the Scara, iris, pupil, and medial/lateral muscles.

Color detection mnemonic

A memory tip linking the letter C in 'color' to the C in 'Cones'.

Pupil expansion in dark

The automatic widening of the pupil opening when moving into a dim or dark space.

Pupil contraction in bright light

The automatic narrowing of the pupil opening when exposed to bright sunlight to prevent light overload.

Vascular layer of the eye

The choid layer, so named because it is rich in blood vessels.

Fragile layer of the eye

The retina, characterized as a very thin and easily damaged tissue layer.

Protective layer of the eye

The Scara, responsible for enclosing and safeguarding all internal eye structures.

Clear outer layer of the eye

The cornea, situated transparently at the front of the eye structure.

Pupil structural nature

An open space or hole within the iris rather than an actual physical organ structure.

Ciliary bodies

An alternative label for the ciliary muscles that regulate lens curvature.

Bright light response

Contraction of the iris to restrict excess light entry through a smaller pupil.

Low light response

Expansion of the iris to increase light entry through a larger pupil.

Peripheral vision clarity

Visual perception that is less clear with poor color detection due to light focusing off the fobia.

Direct vision clarity

Highly precise visual perception resulting from light focusing straight onto the rod- and cone-dense fobia.

Light convergence

The point at which incoming light rays meet after passing through the eye lens.

Eye collapse prevention

The key role of Vitus gel in upholding internal pressure so the eye is not squished.

Green iris diagram representation

The specific iris coloration drawn in the instructor's lecture diagram.

Brown iris speaker example

The personal eye color mentioned by the speaker to illustrate iris color variation.

Oxygen and nutrient delivery to retina

The physiological function performed by the blood vessels within the choroid layer.

Visual processing center

The occipital lobe located in the cerebrum where nerve signals become perceived images.

Retinal indention

The physical indentation on the back retinal wall identified as the fobia.

Lateral eye muscle function

Pulls or directs eye movement toward the outer side of the head.

Medial eye muscle function

Pulls or directs eye movement toward the body midline.

Visible light properties detected

Intensity (brightness) and wavelength (color) detected by specialized retina cells.

Retina diagram color

Yellow, the color used to depict the thin retinal layer in the lecture diagram.

Choid layer diagram color

Blue, the color used to depict the vascular layer in the lecture diagram.

Farsighted focal point location

Behind the retina, leading to blurry vision for close-up items.

Nearsighted focal point location

In front of the retina, leading to blurry vision for distant items.

Lens shape alteration mechanism

Contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles flexing the lens for visual accommodation.

Photoreceptor cell types

Rods and cones, the two functional cell types residing in the retina.

Visual signal pathway destination

The occipital lobe of the cerebrum via action potentials along the optic nerve.

Humor in eye context

A fluid substance, specifically referring to the Vitus humor inside the eye.

Visible outer eye region

The Scara, appearing as the visible white surrounding the iris.

Pupil

The space or opening within the iris that light passes through into the eye.

Fobia position

Located directly on the retinal layer along the central optical axis at the back of the eye.

Lens primary function

Bending light rays to focus incoming images precisely onto the retina.

Ciliary body primary function

Adjusting the shape of the eye lens to focus near or far light.

Choroid layer primary function

Delivering oxygen and crucial nutrients to retinal tissue through blood vessels.

Optic nerve primary function

Carrying nerve impulses from the retinal sensory layer to the brain's occipital lobe.

Scalera primary function

Serving as a tough outer wall that holds internal eye components inside.

Cornea positioning

Located on the outermost front portion of the eye directly over the pupil and iris.

Maximum visual acuity area

The fobia, due to its high concentration of photoreceptor cells.