BSC 2011 Test 2 iClickers + Quizes

Which of these process the HIV virus enters through a vacuole?

A. Endocytosis

B. RNA transcriptase mediated reaction

C. CD4+ - GP120 glycoprotein

D. Budding

E. B and C are correct

A. Endocytosis

The HIV virus

A. Forms a single clade and therefore all strains of the virus share a direct common ancestor

B. Form different clades

C. Is an example or homoplasy

D. B and C are correct

E. A and C are correct

D. B and C are correct

Which of the following statements is correct

A. A bacteria that has a virus in a lysogenic cycle dies during this cycle

B. A bacteria that has a virus in a lytic cycle dies during this cycle

C. A bacteria that has a virus in a lisogenic cycle can change to have this virus in a lytic cycle

D. Options B and C are correct

D. Options B and C are correct

Retrovirus have

A. Only one single stranded DNA molecule

B. Only one single stranded RNA molecule

C. Two single stranded DNA molecules

D. Two single stranded RNA molecules

D. Two single stranded RNA molecules

What does the viral genome do inside a host cell?

A. Destroys the host cell immediately

B. Tricks the host cell into making viruses

C. Makes the virus metabolically inert

D. Produces its own host cells

B. Tricks the host cell into making viruses

Where can viruses reproduce?

A. Only inside cells

B. Only outside cells

C. Both inside and outside cells

D. Without a host cell

A. Only inside cells

What is true about viruses when they are outside cells?

A. They reproduce rapidly

B. They produce their own ATP

C. They are metabolically inert

D. They synthesize proteins

C. They are metabolically inert

Which of the following do viruses lack?

A. Their own ribosomes nucleotides amino acids ATP tRNA and most enzymes for protein and nucleic acid synthesis

B. Only ribosomes

C. Only ATP and tRNA

D. Only nucleotides

A. Their own ribosomes nucleotides amino acids ATP tRNA and most enzymes for protein and nucleic acid synthesis

What is the end result of viral replication after hijacking the metabolic system of the host?

A. Assembly and release of viruses

B. Destruction of all viral genomes

C. Production of host ribosomes

D. Viruses becoming metabolically active outside the cell

A. Assembly and release of viruses

Which are the main mechanism that triggers the death of immune cells that are infected by HIV

A. Destroyed by other cells of the immune system

B. Enzymes of the virus destroy DNA of these cells

C. Pyroptosis

D. Enzymes of the virus destroy the membrane of the host system with an "explosion" of these cells

E. A and C are correct

E. A and C are correct

Which of these process/processes are needed for the HIV virus to enter the host cell through a vacuole

A. Endocytosis

B. RNA transcriptase mediated reaction

C. CD4+ - GP120 glycoprotein recognition

D. Budding

E. A and C are correct

E. A and C are correct

Which of the following is typically associated with a prokaryote?

A. Horizontal transfer of genetic information

B. Internal compartmentalization

C. Many chromosomes

D. Many diverse membrane-bound organelles

E. Sexual reproduction

A. Horizontal transfer of genetic information

Coronavirus is so lethal in humans because

A. One of the genes for non-structural proteins code for an enzyme with a high-mutation rate

B. It shows tissue-tropism to lung cells only

C. It parasites cells of many tissues

D. It inserts virus DNA inside human cells

E. Options C and D are correct

C. It parasites cells of many tissues

Which of this apply to Gram negative bacteria

A. Complex and thick network of peptidoglycan

B. No cell membrane

C. Contain polysaccharides that are acids such as teichoic acid

D. Resistant to many antibiotics

E. All other options are correct

D. Resistant to many antibiotics

Which of the following groups is monophyletic

A. Gram negative bacteria

B. Gram positive bacteria

C. Prokaryotes

D. Bacteria

E. None of the other options is correct

D. Bacteria

Which of the following is correct about protists chloroplasts

A. Those who have chloroplast form a monophyletic groups

B. Only known in apicomplexans

C. No protist have chloroplast

D. Only known in brown algae

E. None of the other options is correct

E. None of the other options is correct

Apicoplasts provide evidence of

A. Apicomplexans performing photosynthesis

B. Relict chloroplasts in Apicomplexans

C. Presence of modified mitochondria in Apicomplexans

D. None of other options is correct

B. Relict chloroplasts in Apicomplexans

Which of these can apply to a haplontic species?

A. All Animals

B. Approximately 50% of animal species are haplontic

C. All individuals are haploid

D. Sporophytes

E. Options B C and D are correct

C. All individuals are haploid

Which of these can apply to a haplodiplontic species?

A. All individuals are diploid

B. All individuals are haploid

C. Some individuals are haploid and some are diploid

D. All individuals reproduce asexually

C. Some individuals are haploid and some are diploid

As Homo sapiens I have

A. Only diploid tissues

B. Some haploid tissue that produce either ovules or sperm

C. Half of my tissues are haploid and the other half diploid

D. I do not know because I am not certain if I am diploid or haploid

A. Only diploid tissues

As Homo sapiens I am

A. Diploid

B. Haploid

C. Tetraploid

D. I do not know as approximately half of humans are haploid and the other half are diploid

A. Diploid

Regarding Plasmodium. Inside the mosquito there are

A. Only gametocytes

B. Only sporocytes

C. Only gametes

D. Only gametocytes and sporocytes

E. Only gametocytes sporocytes and gametes

E. Only gametocytes sporocytes and gametes

Tripanosoma cruzi has

A. Mitosomes

B. Apicoplasts

C. Only one Mitochondrion

D. Options A B and C are correct

C. Only one Mitochondrion

Which of these can apply to a diplontic species?

A. All animals

B. Zygotes have a single cell

C. All individuals are diploid without any haploid tissue

D. All other options are correct

D. All other options are correct

The Deformed Wing Virus in Honey Bees is a example of

A. Tissue generalism

B. Tissue tropism

C. Secondary bacterial infection

D. None of the other options is correct

B. Tissue tropism

In which of these cases DNA with viral origin becomes a provirus

A. HIV

B. SARS-CoV

C. A and B are correct

D. None of the other options is correct

A. HIV

People who are HIV resistant have a mutation in the _________ gene

A. CD4 Protein

B. CCR5 Protein

C. gp120 Protein

D. Reverse Transcriptase

B. CCR5 Protein

Reverse transcriptase is found in

A. RNA virus

B. DNA virus

C. Retrovirus

D. All of the other options are correct

C. Retrovirus

Virus have inside

A. ATP

B. Ribosomes

C. Amino acids attached to tRNA

D. None of the other options is correct

D. None of the other options is correct

In which of these stages phages kill bacteria

A. Lysogenic stage

B. Lytic stage

C. Capsid stage

D. Plasmid stage

B. Lytic stage

In which of these cases DNA of the host is destroyed by the virus

A. Lytic cycle of bacteriophages

B. Coronavirus infection

C. HIV infection

D. B and C are correct

E. All other options are correct

A. Lytic cycle of bacteriophages

During viral endocytosis

A. A vacuole is formed

B. The virus envelope fuses with the cell membrane

C. The DNA of the host is destroyed

D. All other options are correct

E. Options A and B are correct

A. A vacuole is formed

Virus genome that is integrated in the DNA of a host cell is known as

A. Provirus

B. Inserted virion

C. Virion

D. None of the other options is correct

A. Provirus

The name of the genus that defines coronavirus is

A. Alphacoronavirus

B. SARS-CoV

C. Betacoronavirus

D. Coronavirus

C. Betacoronavirus

The genome of the Covid virus is _____ than that of the AIDS virus

A. Larger

B. Approximately the same size

C. Smaller

D. None of the other options is correct as genome size in viruses change during their cycles

A. Larger

Coronavirus binds to ACE2 Receptors of

A. Cellular membranes of several types of tissue

B. The nuclear DNA of human cells

C. mRNA of the human cells

D. Mitochondria membranes of human cells

A. Cellular membranes of several types of tissue

True or false: Coronavirus only parasites lung cells and this is the reason why very sick patients always die only of lung collapse

A. True

B. False

B. False

Infected cells with HIV mostly die because of

A. Pyroptosis

B. Host DNAses

C. Envelope destroyed by antibodies

D. All other options are equally relevant for these cells to die

A. Pyroptosis

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The envelope of HIV has components of the membrane of its host cell

B. All viral DNA produced during HIV infection can potentially become a provirus

C. Capsids of HIV are unique as they are made inside the nucleus

D. The two RNA molecules of a HIV virus are genetically different

A. The envelope of HIV has components of the membrane of its host cell

Envelopes of HIV are

A. Fully formed inside the host cytoplasm before being engulfed by the host membrane

B. Engulfed by vacuoles before being released from the host cells

C. Unique as they have components from the capsid

D. None of the other options is correct

D. None of the other options is correct

The main mutation that makes Coronavirus so lethal for humans is found in

A. Gene/s of the virus genome that encode for accessory proteins

B. Gene/s of the virus genome that encode for structural proteins

C. Gene/s of the virus genome that encode for non-structural proteins

D. The three other options are correct as each of these regions have relevant mutations that make the virus so dangerous

B. Gene/s of the virus genome that encode for structural proteins

Which is the outgroup that biologists use to polarize traits in the phylogenetic tree that only has three branches Archaea Bacteria and Eukaryotes

A. RNA viruses

B. DNA viruses

C. Retroviruses

D. A B and C together

E. No outgroup is used to define this phylogeny

E. No outgroup is used to define this phylogeny

During infection coronavirus assemble its proteins to form the capsid and envelope

A. Options B and E are correct

B. In the Golgi apparatus

C. Inside the nucleus

D. Inside vacuoles

E. In the endoplasmic reticulum

A. Options B and E are correct

A researcher has two different individuals of bacteria of the same species growing together in a flask (Individual 1 and Individual 2). They are growing without any particular environmental stress. Under these conditions the researcher will not be surprised if he/she finds:

A. He/she does not find any new individual in which its chromosome is a fusion of the chromosomes of Individual 1 and Individual 2

B. All other options are equally likely

C. The circular DNAs of both bacteria fuse together as a single chromosome within a new individual and during this process they recombine their genes

D. The circular DNAs of both bacteria fuse together as a single chromosome within a new individual and during this process they do not recombine their genes

A. He/she does not find any new individual in which its chromosome is a fusion of the chromosomes of Individual 1 and Individual 2

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Gram positive bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics than Gram negative bacteria

B. Bacteria without cell wall are more resistant to antibiotics than Gram negative bacteria

C. Gram negative bacteria without plasmids are more resistant to antibiotics than Gram negative bacteria with plasmids

D. B and C are correct

B. Bacteria without cell wall are more resistant to antibiotics than Gram negative bacteria

A biotechnology researcher suspects that his protocol to sequence genes of a bacteria has some problems. He found that a bacteria with allele A for a particular gene has alleles AB for this gene. This was found after the bacteria was infected by a phage that carried allele B from another bacteria. The researcher's suspicion

A. is correct as you would expect to find the gene of the infected bacteria having allele B only

B. is not correct as it is OK that a new allele is added to the gene of the infected bacteria

C. is not correct as phages can never move pieces of DNA among bacteria

D. None of the other options are correct

A. is correct as you would expect to find the gene of the infected bacteria having allele B only

What of these statements are correct about CRISPR

A. A technique to develop mRNA vaccines

B. Involve moving a piece of RNA and a protein through membrane fusion

C. Are part of the general transduction mechanism

D. None of the other options are correct

D. None of the other options are correct

Commercial insulin that is used to treat diabetes is

A. Made by bacteria using insulin genes located inside viruses

B. Made by bacteria using insulin genes located inside the bacteria genome

C. All other options are correct as there are different ways to obtain insulin they depend on the insulin brand that the person has been prescribed to use

D. Made artificially after transforming organic molecules in laboratories and without involving any living organism in this process

B. Made by bacteria using insulin genes located inside the bacteria genome

Which of the following word/concept pairs are correct

A. Conjugation - Lytic infection cycle

B. Generalized transduction - Lytic infection cycle

C. Conjugation - Archaea synapomorphy

D. None of the other options are correct

B. Generalized transduction - Lytic infection cycle

During conjugation:

A. Bacteria genes located near the insertion sequence can move between bacteria

B. Bacteria genes located far away from the insertion sequence can move between bacteria

C. Bacteria undergo a lysogenic infection cycle

D. None of the other options are correct

A. Bacteria genes located near the insertion sequence can move between bacteria

Which of the following are involved in conjugation

A. Phages

B. Plasmids

C. Sexual reproduction

D. None of the other options are correct

B. Plasmids

In haplontic multicellular species there are:

A. Embryos

B. Zygotes

C. Diploid adults

D. Small size sporophytes

E. Options A and B are correct

B. Zygotes

In a haplodiplontic species _____ individuals will produce the gametes and these gametes will join to produce diploid zygotes

A. Any of the 3 other options is correct

B. Diploid

C. Either diploid or haploid

D. Haploid

D. Haploid

In diplontic species there are

A. Only diploid tissues and haploid gametes

B. Only diploid tissues and diploid gametes

C. Both haploid and diploid tissues and haploid gametes

D. Both haploid and diploid tissues and diploid gametes

A. Only diploid tissues and haploid gametes

Gametophytes produce gametes after

A. Meiosis

B. Mitosis

C. Mating

D. Any of the other options is correct

B. Mitosis

In haplodiplontic species

A. Sporophytes produce haploid spores after meiosis

B. Sporophytes produce diploid spores after meiosis

C. Sporophytes produce diploid spores after mitosis

D. None of these options are correct

A. Sporophytes produce haploid spores after meiosis

Zygotes are

A. Haploid in haplontic species

B. Produced by sporophytes

C. Diploid and unicellular

D. Diploid and multicellular

C. Diploid and unicellular

Red tide is produced by

A. Protists

B. Dinoflagellates

C. Microalgae

D. All of the above are correct

D. All of the above are correct

Green algae are

A. Monophyletic

B. Paraphyletic

C. Polyphyletic

D. Impossible to know as they have a complex phylogeny

B. Paraphyletic

All charophytes are

A. Haplontic

B. Haplodiplontic

C. Diplontic

D. ~50% species are haplontic and 50% are diplontic

A. Haplontic

All land plants are

A. Unicellular no forming colonies

B. Unicellular forming colonies

C. Multicellular

D. ~10% species are unicellular no forming colonies and 90% are unicellular

C. Multicellular

Which of the following groups does not have unicellular individuals

A. Rhodophyta

B. Chlorophyta

C. Charophyta

D. Land-plants

E. None of the other options is correct as the 4 groups have unicellular species

D. Land-plants

Inside the mosquito plasmodium individuals will

A. Feed on globin

B. Undergo meiosis

C. Transform the morphology of the gametocytes

D. All other options are no correct

E. Options A B and C are correct

C. Transform the morphology of the gametocytes

Apicoplasts are

A. Relictual chloroplasts

B. Part of the apical complex

C. Inside the nucleus

D. Do not have DNA

E. Options A and B are correct

A. Relictual chloroplasts

Which of the following statements are correct

A. Unicellular brown algae have tissues

B. Multicellular brown algae have tissues

C. There are no diplontic brown algae

D. None of the other options are correct

E. Options A B and C are correct

B. Multicellular brown algae have tissues

Plasmodium individuals

A. Are multicellular

B. Have non-functional mitochondria

C. Have chloroplasts

D. Have genes for Meiosis

E. None of the other options is correct

D. Have genes for Meiosis

If you have malaria then it is likely that

A. Your red cells have gametes of Plasmodium

B. Your liver cells have gametes of Plasmodium

C. Your liver cells have gametocytes

D. All other options are not correct

E. Options A B and C are correct

D. All other options are not correct

Which of the following applies Giardia

A. Individuals are haploid

B. Individuals have two sets of diploid nuclei

C. Individuals have two sets of haploid nuclei

D. Individuals have only diploid nucleus

B. Individuals have two sets of diploid nuclei

Inside mitosomes

A. The Kreb Cycle is performed

B. There are pseudogenes

C. There are genes

D. Options A B and C are correct

E. None of the other options is correct

E. None of the other options is correct

Which of the following word pairs is correct

A. Diplomonads/Chagas disease

B. Choanoflagellates/Giardia

C. Diplomonads/Giardia

D. Naegleria/Tsetse fly

C. Diplomonads/Giardia

In Giardia

A. The reactions of the Krebs cycle are performed inside the mitochondria

B. The reactions of the Krebs cycle are performed inside the nucleus

C. The reactions of the Krebs cycle are performed inside the cytoplasm

D. Options A B and C are correct

E. None of the other options are correct

E. None of the other options are correct

A population genetic study of Giardia shows that the genome of this species is highly variable among individuals. It is believed that the source of this high genetic variability is

A. their asexual mode of reproduction

B. high mutation rates

C. meiosis

D. because this is an old protist that has accumulated a lot of genetic variation

C. meiosis

Giardia

A. Has a clearly understood sexual reproduction system

B. Has one nucleus

C. Does have genes to produce gametes

D. None of the other options is correct

E. Options A B and C are correct

C. Does have genes to produce gametes

Which of the following word/concept pairs is correct

A. Mitosomes/Giardia

B. Mitochondrion/Giardia

C. Pseudopods/Giardia

D. Trypanosoma/Giardia

A. Mitosomes/Giardia

Which of the following words match/matches kinetoplasts

A. Giardia

B. Chloroplast

C. DNA

D. Options A B and C can be correct as it depends on the organism that has them

C. DNA

Cysts are

A. The same as cell wall

B. The same as gametes

C. Common in unicellular protists

D. None of the other options is correct

C. Common in unicellular protists

How many functional mitochondria are found in Kinetoplastids

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. more than 2

B. 1

In Trypanosoma cruzi

A. The genes that perform Meiosis are pseudogenes

B. There are no genes that perform meiosis

C. It is likely that its individuals produce gametes but we do not know how

D. It is well known that its individuals produce gametes inside cysts

E. Options A and C are correct

C. It is likely that its individuals produce gametes but we do not know how

Which of the following organisms destroy/s cells of the immune system

A. All other options are correct

B. Giardia

C. Polyps

D. Tripanosoma cruzi

D. Tripanosoma cruzi

Based on the lecture content which of the following organisms causes meningitis

A. Giardia

B. Tripanosoma cruzi

C. None of the other options is correct

D. Naegleria fowleri

D. Naegleria fowleri

Which of the following organisms can form multicellular colonies

A. Giardia

B. Tripanosoma cruzi

C. Choanoflagellates

D. Amoeba

C. Choanoflagellates

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by Tripanosoma?

A. Leishmaniasis

B. Chagas disease

C. African sleeping sickness

D. Options A B and C are correct

E. Options B and C are correct

E. Options B and C are correct

Choanoflagellates are

A. Haplontic

B. Diplontic

C. Haplodiplontic

D. None of the other options is correct

D. None of the other options is correct

Brown algae can have ________ efficiency in harvesting photons because ______

A. high / their pigments are adapted to harvest them in the surface of the ocean

B. low / their pneumatocysts filter the light

C. high / they are C4 plants

D. Options A and B are correct

E. None of the other options is correct

E. None of the other options is correct

As a potential medical doctor which is the correct sequence (from most difficult to easiest) of parasites that can be treated with drugs

A. Giardia Tripanosoma cruzi Naegleria Plasmodium

B. Tripanosoma cruzi Giardia Naegleria Plasmodium

C. Tripanosoma cruzi Naegleria Giardia Plasmodium

D. Tripanosoma cruzi Naegleria Plasmodium Giardia

E. Naegleria Tripanosoma cruzi Plasmodium Giardia

E. Naegleria Tripanosoma cruzi Plasmodium Giardia

Which is the temporal sequence of discoveries (from oldest to most recent) regarding the treatment of yellow fever

A. Mosquito as a transmission agent virus as parasite vaccine develop

B. Virus as a parasite mosquito as a transmission agent vaccine develop

C. Mosquito as a transmission agent vaccine develop virus as a parasite

D. None of the above is correct as yellow fever involves a bacteria

E. None of the above is correct as yellow fever involves a protist

A. Mosquito as a transmission agent virus as parasite vaccine develop

In which of these cases (as discussed in class) an enzyme of the protist parasite activates the prescribed drug against this parasite

A. Plasmodium individuals parasitizing the red cells

B. Plasmodium individuals parasitizing the red cells

C. Tripanozoma cruzi

D. Naegleria

C. Tripanozoma cruzi

Which of the following traits of Giardia facilitates the search for drugs against this parasite

A. Giardia is aerobic

B. Giardia is anaerobic

C. Giardia has few mitochondria

D. None of the

E. Other options is correct

B. Giardia is anaerobic

As a drug quinine is used to treat malaria as it

A. Prevent the malaria parasite to process globin

B. Prevent the malaria parasite to process Hemozoin

C. Prevent the malaria parasite to process Heme

D. Options A B and C are correct as quinin is a strong drug with several actions

E. None of the other options is correct

C. Prevent the malaria parasite to process Heme

Which of the following words match/matches kinetoplasts

A. Plasmodium

B. Chloroplast

C. DNA

D. African sleeping sicknfollowin

E. Options D and C are correct

E. Options D and C are correct

One reason why red algae have red pigments is to

A. Protect against predators

B. To harvest the red electromagnetic spectrum of sunlight

C. To increase harvesting photons in shallow waters

D. None of the above is correct

D. None of the above is correct

During their evolution land plants have had the following changes in their morphology

A. From multicellular to unicellular

B. From large-size gametophytes to small-size gametophytes

C. From large-size sporophyte to small-size sporophytes

D. All of the above are correct

B. From large-size gametophytes to small-size gametophytes

In liverworts the sporophyte:

A. Is long-lived and it is a large independent individual with many cells including rhizoids

B. Is short-lived and it is a small embryo with relatively few cells that undergoes meiosis shortly after fertilization. It is surrounded by haploid tissue of the gametophyte.

C. Is an embryo with a single cell that undergoes meiosis right after fertilization. It is surrounded by haploid tissue of the gametophyte

D. None of the above is correct as the environment determines the life-form of liverwort sporophytes

B. Is short-lived and it is a small embryo with relatively few cells that undergoes meiosis shortly after fertilization. It is surrounded by haploid tissue of the gametophyte.

Which of the following plant groups consists of plants that lack a vascular system?

A. Lycophytes

B. Ferns

C. Bryophyta

D. Angiosperms

C. Bryophyta

Which of these structures are involved in asexual reproduction of a liverwort:

A. Gemmae

B. Vascular tissue

C. Stomata

D. Options A B and C are correct

E. None of the above is correct

A. Gemmae

Most gametophytes of ferns:

A. Have vascular tissue

B. Have leaves

C. Have roots

D. A B and C are correct

E. None of the other options is correct

E. None of the other options is correct