Biology notes

Plasmodesmata

________ is the cytoplasmic connection between the two cells.

Diffusion

________ is the random movement of molecules down their concentration gradient.

Desmosomes

________ are found in muscles and skin epithelium because of they are mechanically active.

Intermediate filaments

________ (keratin) fix the desmosomes in the cytoplasm.

Cadherin

________ is a transmembrane protein that extracellular domain that join the cells togther.

Epithelial tissues

________ covers the internal and the external surfaces of the body.

max level

The rate of transporting through carrier proteins increases as concentration increases until a(n) ________ of transporting.

Carrier

________ proteins undergo distinctive change in shape.

Collagen

________ and the elastin are abundant proteins in the ECM.

Fibronectin

________ attaches some cells to the ECM.

human 37T

The cholesterol works as a buffer, when the temperature is high (________) the membrane will be less fluid semi- sold (because when T is high the membrane will be fluid), but at lower it do the opposite.

gap junctions

When the cell is damaged, its ________ closed by the flow of Ca2+, that prevents other cells from damage.

middle lamella

The ________ is rich of pectins which glues the adjacent cell together.

Lipid bilayers

________ are impermeable to most essential molecules and ions.

Membranes

________ are not static sheets, they are dynamic.

fibronetin

The ________ and other proteins are attached to integrins.

Aquaporins

________ are channel proteins facilitate the passage of water.

ECM

________ composed of fibrous proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycan molecules.

intracellular compartments

There are transport in and out of membrane bounded ________.

Integrins

________ bind in the cytoplasmic side with microfilaments and sometimes intermediate filaments.

solidification

The ________ happens when the phospholipids are closely packed, When the temperature decreases.

Central tubule

________ is a connection between endoplasmic reticules of adjacent plant cells.

extracellular matrix

Desmosomes, also called adhesive or anchoring junctions, attach the cytoskeletons for both cells with the ________.

Tight junctions

________ contain proteins called claudins that prevent the passing of materials between the cells.

Plant cells

________ have other sterols, but little or no cholesterol.

sandwich model

The ________, is the first attempt to describe the position of membrane proteins within the lipid bilayer.

globular proteins

The ________ are inserted in the phospholipids, the polar part is out of the membrane but the non- polar portions are in contact with non- polar interior of the bilayer.

cell membrane

The ________ consists of four groups, phospholipid bilayer, proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates.

Proteins

________ are larger than lipids, so they are much slower when they move.

Wood

________ is strong because its consist mainly of secondary walls.

cell surface marker

The ________ are glycolipids and clycoproteins.

Lipids

________ may flip flop across the membrane.

channel

The ________ is consist of six identical proteins and arranged in circle.

lipid bilayer

The ________ is permeable to water and small uncharged molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

diffusion

The ________ increase the entropy by spreading out particles, and decreasing its energy by spreading the particles from regions of high to low potential energy.

Membrane

________ are sensitive to chemical messages, which are detected by receptor proteins.

Plasmodesmata

________ unify most of the plants into one living continuum, that allows water other materials to pass freely from one cell to the another.

middle lamella

The ________ is the space between the adjacent plant cells.

epithelial tissue

The three junctions are common in ________.

Gap junctions

________ which is the communicating junctions, provide cytoplasmic channels from one animal cell to another, its like the plasmodesmata in plant cells.

Channel

________ proteins provide hydrophilic passageway to allow waters and small ions.

Membranes

________ is held together by hydrophobic interactions.

Diffusion

________ is passive process.