orchestra term

muta G in D ( timpani)

change tuning of the timpanis from G to D

laissez vibrer

丽西v buy

cymbals are allowed to vibrate until the sound dies away

sec

damp the sound of the cymbal at once

roll

rapidly alternating the blows打击 from the 2 drumsticks to create a sistained sound

pres da la table

plucking the strings near the soundboard

bisbigliando

playing the repeated notes quickly and softly by using the fingers of both hand

sons etouffes

son 一tuf

the string is damped to produce a staccoto sound

harmonic ( harp)

the sound produce will sound an octave higher than written

glissando ( harp)

drawing the fingers rapidly across the strings of the harp

con sordini

with the mutes

senza sordini

without the mutes

stopped note (+)

pushing the hand inside the bell of the horn

sons bouches

(french) stopped note- pushing the hand inside the bell of the horn

gestopft

(german) stopped note- pushing the hand inside the bell of the horn

chiuso

(italian) stopped note- pushing the hand inside the bell of the horn

end of stopping (。)

notes to be played in the normal way

cuivre

( ku if) forcing the tone by blowing hard with the hand inside the bell of the horn

glissando ( brass)

pulling the slide while the player blow

pavillon en l’air ( bell in air )

making the tone prominent突出 by raising the bell of the instrument high in the air

flatterzunge

(woodwind) (symbol same as tremolo in string family ) a flutter- touguing technique obtained by rolling an r with the tongue

arco

use the bow after pizzicato

col legno

wood of the bow is used

double stopping

playing on 2 strings at a time

glissando ( string)

rapidly sliding of the finger along the string

harmonics

an effect obtained by lightly touching a vibrating string at certain point

pizzicato

plucking the string with the finger

portamento

(near) play 2 different notes on the same string by gliding the finger along the 2 position

saltando

(快歌）boucing the bow up and down on the strings to produce a light effect

spiccato

making every note light and short

sul G

on the G string

sul ponticello

bowing the string near the bridge

tremolo( string)

quivering the bow rapidly

sur la touche

on, near, above the fingerboard

sul tasto

play with the bow on the fingerboard