Public speaking study guide

Linear model of communication

A communication model where the message flows in one direction from sender to receiver without feedback.

Interactive model of communication

A communication model that includes two-way communication, allowing feedback and considering external factors like culture.

Transactional model of communication

A communication model where both participants send and receive messages simultaneously and use verbal and non-verbal cues.

Public speaking

A formal communication style where a prepared speech is delivered to an audience.

Conversational speaking

An informal communication style that is usually spontaneous and interactive.

Visual aids

Tools used to enhance communication by providing a visual representation of ideas.

Noise

Anything that disrupts or interferes with effective communication.

External noise

Disruptions to communication coming from outside, like loud sounds or distractions.

Internal noise

Disruptions to communication that originate within a person, such as stress or distractions.

Parts of a speech

The three main components: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion.

Best way to rehearse a speech

Practicing aloud, using a mirror, simulating the environment, and rehearsing in front of others.

Plagiarism

Using someone else's words or ideas without proper acknowledgment.

Steps of listening

Select, Attend, Understand, Remember, Respond.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others, often hindering effective communication.

Demographics

Statistical characteristics of an audience, like age and gender, used to tailor messages.

Psychological analysis

Examination of an audience's attitudes, beliefs, and values.

Non-verbal feedback

Unspoken signals received during communication, such as body language and facial expressions.

Central idea

A concise statement that summarizes the main topic or thesis of a speech.

Parts of an introduction

Attention grabber, personal credibility, thesis statement.

Parts of a conclusion

Restatement of the thesis and a clincher to wrap up the speech.

Types of speaking notes

Preparation outline, shortened speaking notes, delivery cues.

Periodicals

Publications released at regular intervals containing current information.

APA Format

A standardized format for writing research papers, including guidelines for citations.

Speech organizational patterns

Structures used to organize speeches, such as topical, chronological, spatial, cause and effect, and problem-solution.

Types of informative speeches

Speeches categorized by subject matter: objects, procedures, people, ideas, events.

Extemporaneous speaking

Delivering a speech using a prepared outline, allowing a conversational tone.

Impromptu speaking

Delivering a speech without advance preparation, often relying on spontaneous thought.

Analogy

A comparison that relates something unfamiliar to something familiar to enhance understanding.

Ethos

A persuasive appeal based on the credibility and character of the speaker.

Pathos

A persuasive appeal to emotions, aiming to evoke feelings from the audience.

Logos

A persuasive appeal based on logic and reason, using evidence and rational arguments.

Purpose of an informative speech

To educate the audience and enhance understanding of a topic.

Beliefs

Understandings of what is true or false, often shaped by experience or evidence.

Values

Enduring concepts of right and wrong that influence behavior and goals.

Attitudes

Learned predispositions to respond positively or negatively toward something.

Persuasion

The process of changing or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors.

Types of special occasion speeches

Ceremonial speeches such as introductions, toasts, and award presentations.