Harmony quiz 4

Chordophones

Produce sound with vibrating strings

ex: guitar, violin, harp

Aerophones

Create sound with vibrating air

ex: trumpet, flute, whistle

Membranophones

Vibrating membranes or skin

ex: timpani, bongos, congas

Idiophones

Vibration of the body of the instrument

ex: maraca, xylophone, cowbell

Electrophones

Electronic or electronic components

monophony

one.sound, single melody

heterophony

different.sound, one melody played simultaneously with variations of itself, slight pitch and rhythm changes

-typically in folk music

polyphony

texture that consists of two or more simultaneous, independent melodic lines or voices playing at the same time

contrapuntal polyphony

multiple independent melodic lines happening at the same time

-where no single voice or part acts as a dominant melody or background accompaniment

-any distinct melodic lines together under specific rules of harmony

Imitative polyphony

melody and imitative countermelody

Homophony

melody and accompaniment

Functional Bass Layers

Ostinato, Bass Line, Drone

Novelty Layer

Functions in opposition to the melody, usually in opposition or interjectory

alberti bass

chords arpeggiated in specific pattern, low-high-middle-high

Breve

”double whole” note or rest, lasts twice as long as a whole note/rest

Longa

4 times as long as the whole note/rest

tuplet

subdivision or grouping of notes that deviate from standard division