Disaccharides

What are the major disaccharides?

• Maltose

• Sucrose

• Lactose

what are the 2 monosaccharides that make the disaccharide Maltose

• 2 gluclose molecules

• gluclose + gluclose

what are the main characteristics of Malstose

• Maltose is produced whenever starch breaks down

• occurs during the fermentation process that yields alcohol

what the common food sources of maltose

• minor constituent of a few foods, most notably barley.

• wheat

• corn

what are the 2 monosaccharides that make the disaccharide Sucrose

• Fructose + Glucose = Sucrose

what are the characteristics of sucrose?

• sweetest of the disaccharides due to contacting fructose

• refined from juices of sugar cane and sugar beats and granulated to make table sugar

what are the common food sources of sucrose?

• fruits: apples, bananas

• vegetables: beets, carrots,

• common for sweeteners in maple syrup, candies, sodas ice cream

what are the 2 monosaccharides that make the disaccharide Lactose

• galactose + glucose = Lactose

what are the characteristics of Lactose?

• principal carbohydrate of milk (aka milk sugar)

• contributes half of the energy (kcal) from fat-free milk

what are the common food sources of Lactose?

• milk and milk based products (icecream, cream ect)

what is the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

• Monosaccharides are single sugar units

• disaccharides are two sugar units linked together

• polysaccharides are long chains of many sugar units

Condensation

• links 2 monosaccharide molecules together

• OH + H = H₂O (water is byproduct of reaction)

• Bond formed via a single O atom

• ex: Glucose + Glucose → Maltose + water

Hydrolysis

• breaks disaccharide in two monosaccharides

• water splits into H and OH one of the two go to the either or monosaccharide

• H - OH (water) = OH and OH

• Malstose, water → Glucose + Glucose

• basically water is put into the reaction to break the bond