Match: U.S. History Reconstruction: Plans, Amendments, and Impact

Reconstruction

The period after the Civil War (1865-1877) during which the United States worked to rebuild the South and integrate formerly enslaved people into society.

Radical Republicans

A faction of the Republican Party during Reconstruction that advocated for the civil rights of African Americans and harsher measures against Southern states.

Wade-Davis Bill

A 1864 proposal for Reconstruction that required a majority of white male citizens in a state to take a loyalty oath before the state could be readmitted to the Union, which was pocket-vetoed by Lincoln.

Freedmen's Bureau

A federal agency established in 1865 to aid freed slaves in the South by providing food, housing, education, and medical care.

Abraham Lincoln

The 16th President of the United States who led the nation through the Civil War and initiated the Reconstruction era.

Andrew Johnson

The 17th President of the United States who succeeded Lincoln and oversaw the early years of Reconstruction, often clashing with Congress.

Black Codes

Laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War that restricted the rights and freedoms of African Americans.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

A landmark piece of legislation that granted citizenship and equal rights to all persons born in the United States, including former slaves.

Thirteenth Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1865 that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.

Fourteenth Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1868 that granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and guaranteed equal protection under the law.

Fifteenth Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1870 that prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on 'race, color, or previous condition of servitude.'

Scalawag

A derogatory term for Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party.

Carpetbagger

A term used to describe Northern politicians who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often perceived as opportunists.

Segregation

The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, which became widespread in the South after Reconstruction.

Sharecropping

An agricultural system that emerged in the South after the Civil War where landowners allowed tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced.

Ku Klux Klan

A white supremacist hate group formed in the South during Reconstruction that used violence and intimidation against African Americans and their allies.

Enforcement Acts

A series of laws passed in the early 1870s aimed at protecting the voting rights of African Americans and curbing Klan violence.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A law that guaranteed African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations, public transportation, and prohibited exclusion from jury service.

Rutherford B. Hayes

The 19th President of the United States whose election in 1876 marked the end of Reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

An agreement that settled the disputed 1876 presidential election, resulting in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and effectively ending Reconstruction.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws enacted in the South that enforced racial segregation and disenfranchised African Americans from the late 19th century until the Civil Rights Movement.

Booker T. Washington

An African American educator and leader who advocated for vocational education and economic self-reliance for African Americans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

W.E.B. Du Bois

An African American sociologist and civil rights activist who co-founded the NAACP and opposed Booker T. Washington's approach, advocating for immediate civil rights and higher education.

Ida B. Wells

An African American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s and was a co-founder of the NAACP.