Philippine Agrarian Reform Study Notes

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering Philippine agrarian reform concepts, colonial systems, historical legislation, and presidential administrations.

__________ is centered on the relationship between production and the distribution of land among farmers.

Agrarian Reform

__________ focuses on changing and establishing laws regarding landownership, governing the rights of individuals, land owners, land tenants, and land holders.

Land Reform

The three main agrarian systems during the Spanish Colonial Era were Pueblo Agriculture, the Encomienda System, and the __________.

Hacienda System

Under Pueblo Agriculture during the Spanish Era, the three parties involved were the Religious Order, Encomenderos, and __________.

Repartimientos

The __________ was a Spanish colonial policy that granted Spaniards the right to collect forced taxes and labor from indigenous Filipinos in exchange for protection and religious instruction.

Encomienda System

The forced-sale policy during the Spanish colonial period where Filipino farmers were required to sell agricultural produce to the colonial government at fixed, low prices was called __________.

Compras y Vandalas

The Hacienda System began around __________, a period when landowners secured official titles and Catholic priests became among the biggest landowners.

$$1860$$

Under the Philippine Bill of 1902 during the American Colonial Era, individual citizens were permitted to own up to __________ of land.

$$16\,\text{hectares}$$

Under the Philippine Bill of 1902, corporations were permitted to own up to __________ of land.

$$1000\,\text{hectares}$$

Republic Act No. 496 is also known as the __________.

Land Registration Act

Republic Act No. 4054, which focused on regulating and protecting the rights of land tenants, is known as the __________.

Philippine Rice Share Tenancy Act

Established in 1936 under President Manuel L. Quezon, __________ allowed the government to lend seeds to farmers and stabilize the food supply.

NARIC (National Rice and Corn Corporation)

During the Japanese Occupation, Filipino peasants organized against Japanese forces and local landlords under the movement known as HUKBALAHAP, which stands for __________.

Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon

Under President Manuel Roxas, Republic Act No. 34 established a __________ profit-sharing arrangement between tenants and landowners.

$$70\text{-}30$$

Created under EO 355 during Elpidio Quirino's administration, __________ helped resettle and assist former HUKBALAHAP members and landless families through government land distribution.

LASEDECO (Land Settlement and Development Corporation)

Under President Elpidio Quirino, __________ protected tenants against arbitrary expulsion by landowners.

Public Act No. 55

Under President Ramon Magsaysay, LASEDECO was replaced by __________ to accelerate resettlement programs for landless farmers.

NARRA (National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration)

Republic Act No. 1199 is officially known as the __________.

Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954

Under President Ramon Magsaysay, __________ enabled farmers to borrow credit and access low-interest agricultural loans from the government.

ACCFA (Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration)

Under President Diosdado Macapagal, Republic Act No. 3844, known as the __________, abolished share tenancy in favor of agricultural leasehold.

Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963

Republic Act No. 6389, known as the Code of Agrarian Reforms of the Philippines (1971), created the __________.

Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)

__________ provided funding and financial mechanisms for implementing the agrarian reform program under President Ferdinand Marcos Sr.

Republic Act No. 6390

Presidential Decree No. 27 (PD 27), which emancipated tenant farmers in rice and corn lands, was issued on __________.

October 21, 1972

Under Presidential Decree No. 27, beneficiaries could acquire up to 5 hectares of unirrigated land or __________ of irrigated land.

$$3\,\text{hectares}$$

Under Presidential Decree No. 27, landowners were restricted to a maximum retention limit of __________.

$$7\,\text{hectares}$$

The operational mechanism under PD 27 used to transfer landownership of tenanted rice and corn lands directly to landless farmers was called __________.

Operation Land Transfer (OLT)

__________ was a credit program enabling farmers to borrow funds or purchase agricultural inputs such as seeds and fertilizer through banks at low interest rates.

MASAGANA 99