Chapter 11 Learning curves

Barbiturates are broken down by the:

liver.

The withdrawal symptoms from regular use of stimulants can last for _____ after drug use has ended.

weeks or months

Which statement is FALSE regarding the use of illegal substances in the United States?

The symptoms caused by illegal substances are primarily psychological.

Crack cocaine is:

a powerful form of freebase cocaine that has been boiled down into crystalline balls.

Sashi went out partying with their friends and drank a few too many beers. They ask their friend what they can do to "sober up" faster. What is the best advice the friend can give Sashi?

"Unfortunately, there's nothing you can do but give it time."

Which method of ingestion provides the LEAST powerful effect when using cocaine?

snorting it as a powder

The U.S. opioid crisis has emerged for several reasons, which include all of these EXCEPT:

legalized recreational use in some states.

Lonnie ingests amphetamines using the MOST common method. If one were to visit their home, they would MOST likely find _____ as evidence of their use.

pill bottles

Elisabetta recently had surgery, and her doctor prescribed her an opioid to control her pain. Which of these substances was MOST likely prescribed?

codeine

Cameron used a variety of stimulants. What is she LEAST likely to experience?

improved vision

Jacob has been prescribed a high dose of benzodiazepines, which will relieve _____. He has been told they are ______ likely than barbiturates to slow down his breathing and cause death in the event of an overdose.

anxiety; less

Inga has recently noticed that she is experiencing a host of unpleasant symptoms, including the yellowing of her skin. Her doctor tells her that after years of heavy drinking, she has developed _____, a condition in which her liver becomes scarred and dysfunctional.

cirrhosis

Izzy took LSD. Now the walls and furnishings of his room appear distorted to him, and he hears a voice behind him even though he is alone. Izzy is MOST likely experiencing:

hallucinosis.

Which of the following is most likely to cause caffeine intoxication if ingested over a short period, particularly in someone who does not typically ingest caffeine?

three cups of brewed coffee

A weaker drug in the cannabis family is:

marijuana.

Cognitive-behavioral theorists argue that the temporary reduction of tension or raising of spirits produced by a drug eventually leads to:

an expectancy that substances will be rewarding.

The number of high school seniors who smoked marijuana on a daily basis _____ from 1978 to 1992 and _____ from 1992 to the present.

decreased; increased

In a years-long longitudinal study that measured the personality traits of a large group of young men who did not have alcohol use disorder, the men who developed alcohol problems had been more _____ as teenagers and continued to be so in middle age.

impulsive

Which of these is NOT associated with high doses of marijuana consumption?

feelings of relaxation

Which personality trait has been conclusively linked to a majority of substance use disorders?

no single trait

When Theo entered a detox program, his doctor prescribed him methadone. Theo had probably been using:

heroin.

Repeated and excessive use of alcohol or benzodiazepines may lower the brain's production of:

GABA.

Marisol took both cocaine and methamphetamine at the same time. The combined drugs in her system likely:

increased the effects of both drugs.

Researchers have identified a neurotransmitter called _____ that works like THC, the active ingredient in marijuana.

anandamide

LSD binds to neurons that typically receive which neurotransmitter(s)?

serotonin

A theory postulated by _____ theorists suggests that operant conditioning may play a key role in substance use disorders due to its rewarding effects.

cognitive-behavioral

Which question is a psychodynamic theorist MOST likely to ask when working with a client seeking treatment for a substance use disorder?

"What is your relationship with your parents like?"

After taking LSD, Daiki begins to taste chocolate when he hears the front door close and sees purple when the doorbell rings. He is experiencing:

synesthesia.

Chen took a drug that caused synesthesia. She is MOST likely to report:

perceiving colors as audible.

People who combine barbiturates with amphetamines may build up toxic levels of the _____ drugs in their systems due to mixing drugs with _____ effects.

depressant; opposite

Taylor used cocaine for over a year, developing a tolerance to the substance. After they suddenly stopped taking the drug, they had withdrawal effects for weeks, but over time they began to feel like their usual self. This is MOST likely because:

their body's natural supply of neurotransmitters resumed its usual production.

Many approaches have been used to treat substance use disorders. Which approach is NOT accurately portrayed?

Psychodynamic therapists help clients identify and change the behaviors that keep contributing to their patterns of substance misuse.

Which biological approach has been used to treat gambling disorder?

opioid antagonists

Seneca is experiencing opioid addiction and is taking naloxone, a medication that prevents heroin from giving them a rush or high. This drug is considered a(n) _____ and can be dangerous to Seneca because they could be thrown into severe withdrawal.

antagonist

What differentiates gambling disorder from social gambling?

the addictive nature of the behavior

Raul is guided by his therapist to think about drinking and driving and suddenly dying in a tragic car accident. He is encouraged to imagine the effects on his family as well as the opportunities he will lose as a result of his death. His therapist has him engage in this process repeatedly over time. Raul goes out one night, and when he starts to order a beer he feels the sadness he felt when imagining his death. The process his therapist used is called:

aversion therapy.

Which is one of the indicators that can distinguish gambling disorder from social gambling?

someone who gambles in the face of financial problems

Berhane is taught to practice assertiveness skills in situations where they usually would take a drink rather than express their discontent. This strategy is a _____technique.

relapse-prevention training

The explanations for gambling disorder are tentative because research is:

limited.

LaRon is receiving treatment for a cocaine addiction. Each time he submits a drug-free urine specimen, he is given a reward. This type of behavioral treatment is called:

contingency management

For the past few months Pankaj has been receiving a cognitive-behavioral treatment for their gambling disorder. Which treatment is Pankaj MOST likely receiving?

relapse-prevention training

Those with a gambling disorder continue gambling in the face of problems in all of these EXCEPT:

religious.

Which of these is NOT among the names used to describe an uncontrollable need to be online?

Internet browsing

Roshni often visits a casino after a bad day at work. About a year ago she began betting larger and larger amounts at the blackjack table. Roshni tells her spouse she's been out with friends to cover up where she's been, and she frequently borrows money from her parents to cover household bills. She feels guilty that she is unable to pay her parents back and is lying to her spouse, but she has tried to stop gambling many times and has been unable to quit. Should Roshni be diagnosed with gambling disorder?

Yes, because she has had at least four symptoms for a year and feels distressed by her gambling.

T.J. spends almost half of their paycheck every week betting on sporting events. They have repeatedly tried to spend less money gambling over the past three years so that they can save for retirement, but they have been unable to do so. Should T.J. be diagnosed with gambling disorder?

No, because they do not show four or more symptoms.

A friend of yours is looking for recommendations regarding treatment options for alcohol use disorder. Which are you LEAST likely to recommend?

drug maintenance therapy

Dr. Khan plans to use aversion therapy to treat their clients with cocaine use disorder. To use this approach, Dr. Khan should:

pair a negative stimulus with their clients' cocaine use.

Dr. Yates has an inpatient treatment program for substance use disorders. They have their clients on a contingency management program that provides them with privileges contingent on _____ when they return to the facility from weekend passes.

drug-free urine specimens