Unit 2 - Conditions

adhesive capsulitis

 a painful condition of the shoulder that involves inflammation, thickening, and adherence of the glenohumeral joint capsule with restriction of motion

bicipital tendinitis

a painful inflammation of the long head of the biceps related to strain or overuse

dynamic stability

stability of a joint in motion; active stability

fall on outstretched hands (FOOSH)

 a fall that is broken on the hand(s) with the elbow and wrist extended; a common mechanism of injury to the upper extremity

glenohumeral subluxation

a partial dislocation, typically inferiorly, of the humeral head relative to the glenoid fossa; often a result of weakness of surrounding muscles due to hemiparesis

Hemiparesis

unilateral weakness often related to a stroke or brain injury

rotator cuff

an anatomical cuff around the proximal humerus formed by the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor muscles to provide stability and movement.  

Scaption

the plane of motion for humeral elevation that lies midway between sagittal and frontal planes; often a functional plane of movement

scapular dyskinesis

an alteration in the resting or active position of the scapula

scapular plane

a plane of motion that aligns with the resting position of the glenoid fossa relative to the frontal plane, typically 30˚– 40˚anterior to the frontal plane

scapular winging

condition caused by weakness of the serratus anterior, where medial border of the scapula tilts posteriorly away from the rib cage.

scapulohumeral rhythm

 the proportional scapular and humeral motion that maintains optimal anatomical alignment of the bones in the shoulder complex

shoulder separation

an informal term for dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint 

static stability

he stability of a joint at rest; passive stability

subacromial impingement

compression of the soft tissues between the acromion and humeral head

thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

a condition in which the brachial plexus and/or adjacent vascular structures are compressed in the neck or axilla area

Shoulder: A Functional Link

• Provides gross positioning and stability

• Functional connection between the trunk and upper extremity