Copy_of_POL110_Midterm_Review--SP25_-Ana

What were the consequences of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648?

It ended the Thirty Years War and marked the transition from religious kingdoms to sovereign states.

What marked the beginning of the Age of Discovery in the 15th century?

The exploration efforts primarily by Spain and Portugal.

Which conference defined effective occupation and recognition of colonies during the New Imperialism?

The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.

What economic motivations drove the New Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa?

Access to open markets, cheap labor, natural resources, and limited competition.

What ideology justified the extreme brutality of colonial rule in Africa?

Racial ideologies that viewed black Africans as backward and barbaric.

What key factors contributed to the decolonization of African states between the 1950s and 1970s?

Legacy of colonialism, including wars over border disputes and ethnic divisions, and corruption.

What was the ideological dimension of the Cold War?

The rivalry between Democratic Capitalism and Authoritarian Communism.

What does the Truman Doctrine entail?

Providing assistance to countries threatened by communist pressures.

What is the concept of 'Mutually Assured Destruction' (MAD)?

A military strategy where nuclear powers deter each other from launching an attack due to certain mutual destruction.

How do realists view the nature and order of the international system?

They view it as anarchy, where states must seek power for survival.

What is the primary assumption of classic realism in international relations?

Politics is about the inherent conflict and self-interest of states.

What does the Security Dilemma illustrate in international relations?

That increasing one's power can provoke neighboring states to feel threatened, leading to an arms race.

How do liberal theorists view human nature?

They view it as inherently good, believing in society's potential for progress and cooperation.

What is the basis of the Democratic Peace Theory?

Mature democracies do not go to war with one another.

Which theory critiques global capitalism and aims for a classless society?

Marxism.

How do feminists view gender in global politics?

As a social construction that highlights the hidden assumptions of patriarchy.

What are non-state actors in world politics?

Entities that operate and influence across borders without acting on behalf of a government.

What is meant by the term 'global governance'?

Global regulation and coordination that provides order, stability, and predictability in international relations.

What is the role of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)?

To prevent conflict between major powers and manage international security.

What challenges does the UN face regarding its effectiveness in peacekeeping?

Failures in addressing failed states, refugee crises, and nuclear proliferation.

What were the major power relations post-Cold War?

Increased focus on cooperation among major powers to prevent conflict.

What is the significance of the concept of 'anarchy' in international relations?

It implies that there is no central authority in the international system, leading states to rely on self-help.

What is a major power's definition in the context of international relations?

A state with significant influence and capabilities, such as military and economic power.