Seedless Vascular plants (Pteridophytes)

Features shared between vascular and bryophytes

antheridia/archegonia, embryophytic/matrotrophic, diploid sporophyte makes haploid spores, sporangia with sterile jacket/sporogenous tissue, spore wall with sporopollenin

Features of Seedless vascular plants

sporophyte highly branched and highly branched, cuticle to minimize water loss, stomata for gas exchange, vascular tissue, lignin and cellulose in secondary cell walls, sporophytes and gametophyte nutritionally independent

Tissue layer of vascular plant body

Dermal/epidermis, vascular, ground

Primary growth

Apical/Basal growth from apical meristems, extends plant body vertically(elongate)

Meristem

embryonic tissue region, growing point, Apical(SAM/RAM) → primary vs Lateral → secondary, divide to add cells to plant body

Primary plant body

part of plant made up from primary tissue

Primary tissue

all tissue formed during primary growth, from apical meristem

Secondary growth

growth that thicken stems/roots, from lateral meristems, produce secondary tissue, not well developed in pteridophytes

Vascular cambium

lateral meristem, from combining of Fascicular(from procambium) and Interfascicular cambium, Bifacially produce secondary Xylem/Phloem

Apical meristem

produce 3 primary meristem → Ground/Procambium/Protoderm

Procambium

primary meristem, produce vascular tissue, gives rise to Fascicular cambium

Phloem

outer vascular tissue, transport water/mineral upward, primary from Procambium and secondary from Vascular cambium

Xylem

inner vascular tissue, transport photosynthates up or down, primary from Procambium and secondary from Vascular cambium

Interfascicular Cambium

link bundles of fascicular cambium, dedifferentiate parenchyma into meristem cell, dividing line between primary xylem/phloem

Cork Cambium

Lateral meristem, forms periderm, weakly bifacial → mostly dead Phelloderm (cork cell)/ few live Phelloderm (parenchyma?)

Periderm

replaces epidermis as dermal tissue, made up of cork cells (dead phelloderm), slowly eliminates primary phloem and cortex, many layer → newer/bigger ones arise under older

Secondary plant body

built from secondary vascular tissue(xylem/phloem) and periderm, new tissue replaces function of same primary