Government Bureaucracy and the Presidency Ch 10 & 11

natural-born citizen

Requirement for the job of the president

35 years old

Requirement for the job of the president

lived within the United States at least 14 years

Requirement for the job of the president

diverse backgrounds

Varied backgrounds of presidents in terms of age, wealth, and background

Commander in Chief

Role of the president as the head of the U.S. armed forces

deploy

Power of the president to order military troops into action

declare war

Power of Congress to officially declare war

head of state

Role of the president representing the United States to the rest of the world

chief diplomat

Role assumed by presidents in international relations

Chief Legislator

Role of the president in signing or vetoing legislation passed by Congress

chief legislator

Role of the president in developing a legislative program

political party leader

Role of the president in appointing party officials and providing assistance to party members

veto

Power of the president to reject legislation passed by Congress

pocket veto

Power of the president to kill a bill by refusing to sign it within 10 working days of a congressional adjournment

executive order

Presidential order to carry out policies described in laws

signing statement

Written statement issued by a president at the time of signing a bill into law

executive agreements

Agreements made by the president with foreign countries, having the same legal status as treaties

pardon

Release from punishment or legal consequences of a crime

patronage

Rewarding supporters with government jobs

iron triangles

Three-way alliances among bureaucrats, members of Congress, and interest groups

issue networks

Relationships among congressional committees, agency staff, and interest groups

merit system

Bureaucracy in which people are hired and promoted based on skills

rulemaking

Legislative function of government agencies in creating rules

cost-benefit analysis

Calculating and comparing the costs and benefits of a rule

whistleblowers

People who report waste, inefficiency, and wrongdoing in government

privatization

Turning over government work to the private sector

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

Law requiring federal agencies to disclose information in agency files