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Severe Aortic Stenosis


Bicuspid AOV
closure line isn’t in center, it’s above or below


Premature closure of AOV


Fine fluttering of AOV
good CO


Dilated LA
big compared to AOR


Mitral Stenosis
thickening leaflets
reduced excursion (barely opening)


MV B-Bump
elevated LV ED pressure greater than 20mmHg
between A & C


Systolic Anterior Motion (SAM)


MV Prolapse
hammocking


MV Flutter
jittering of AML
PML not affected


Premature closure of MV
closes before QRS


LV Hypertrophy
thickening of IVS & LVPW


Paradoxical motion
due to pressure changes


Ischemia
reversible


Post Infarct


Pericardial Effusion
