Life nd career (midterm)

adolescence

• It is the period of transition between the onset of puberty and adulthood.

• Subdivided into early adolescence (10-13), middle adolescence (14-17), and late adolescence (18-21)

identity vs role confusion

it is the stage where adolescents begin to explore and form their identity, often asking themselves “Who am I? Or “Where do I fit in?”

identity diffusion

involves low commitment and low exploration, meaning the adolescent has not yet made decisions about their values, beliefs, or career path and is not actively exploring alternatives

identity foreclosure

is characterised by high commitment without exploration of other options

identity moratorium

refers to high exploration but low commitment

identity achievement

occurs when adolescent has both explored alternatives and made commitments

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF LATE ADOLESCENCE

defined as the skills, behaviours, and responsibilities that individuals are expected to acquire as they grow

developing a positive self-concept and identity

adolescents face the crucial developmental task of forming a positive self-concept and a coherent identity. one of the central questions during this period is “who am i?” clarifying values, beliefs, personality traits, interest, and aspirations

developing emotional maturity and self-regulation.

adolescence often involves a wide range of emotional experiences. Parts of becoming and adult is gaining emotional stability

achieving independence from parents and family

in late adolescence individuals begin to seek greater autonomy; making more of their own decisions, such as choices about classes, friends, or daily routines

forming and maintaining healthy relationships

during adolescence friendships deepen, and peer relationships become extremely important

establishing and pursing education or career goals

is a time for academic achievement and career exploration

learning practical life skills for adulthood

they need to acquire practical life skills such as self-care, managing health, and assuming civic responsibilities skills which are intertwined with vocational identity

positive self-concept and psychological traits

 high esteem, optimism, and self-efficacy

strong family and social support

provides guidance, emotional warmth, and help

healthy habits and routines

sufficient sleep, eating a balanced diet, and engaging in regular exercise

positive school and community environment

supportive teachers, a safe atmosphere, and opportunities for achievements

access to mentors and health services

having nonparent adults to turn to

poor family support or dysfunctional family environment

conflict, authoritarian parenting, neglect, or parental absence

poverty and economic hardship

malnutrition, early labor, limited time for school

negative peer influence and peer pressure

engages in risky behaviors

mental health issues and unhealthy coping

poor self-control or impulsivity

exposure to adversity or violence

experiencing abuse and domestic violence

physiological

physical and biological changes in one’s body

cognitive

changes in thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and decision-making

psychological

changes in how they think and feel about themselves and social relationships

emotional

control over emotions and coping healthy ways

self regulation

is the ability to monitor and manage your own thoughts, feeling, and behaviors