All Vocab 1.1-1.3 Unit Test Dixon U.S History

Slave Code

laws called slave codes kept African captives from owning property, receiving an education, moving about freely, or meeting in large groups.

civilization

a highly organized society marked by advanced knowledge of trade, government, the arts, science, and, often, written language.

culture

the shared set of beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, arts, and knowledge that people learn, practice, and pass down through generations within a group or society.

Joint Stock Company

a group of private investors who pooled their money to support big projects.

Immigrate

means to come into a non-native country to live there permanently.

Pilgrim

someone who makes a long, often difficult journey to a sacred or special place for religious devotion, spiritual growth, or deep personal meaning

Proprietary Colony

A colony owned by an individual who could govern it, including appointing officials, imposing taxes, and raising an army. Maryland is the textbook's example.

Indentured Servant

A person who agreed to work for a colonist for four or more years in exchange for passage to America, food, clothing, and shelter.

Subsistence Farming

Farming in which people raise only enough food to feed their families.

Triangular Trade

A system of trade involving exchanges of goods among the colonies, England, Caribbean sugar planters, and Africa.

Hierarchy

A system in which people or groups are ranked in levels of status.

Mercantilism

A system in which England passed laws that restricted and controlled colonial manufacturing while furthering England’s economic interests.

Enlightenment

A period during the late 1600s and 1700s when philosophers believed that the physical world and human nature operated according to natural laws that people could understand through reason and logic.

Logic

A way of using reason to figure out natural laws.

Great awakening

A widespread resurgence of religious fervor in the colonies, involving revivals, preaching, prayer, and a more intense personal relationship with God.

Customs Duty

Taxes on imports and exports.

Exports

To send or sell goods to another country or region. The colonies exported goods such as wheat and deerskins.

Committee of Correspondence

Committees created by colonists to communicate with other colonies about British activities and coordinate resistance.

Communicate

To exchange information. Committees of correspondence communicated with other colonies.

Minuteman

A colonist trained and ready to fight at a minute's warning.

Republic

A government in which the scheme of representation takes place.

Framework

The structure or system of government created by the Articles of Confederation and later replaced by a new framework in the Constitution.

Recession

An economic slowdown.

Popular Sovereignty

Rule by the people.

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the state governments.

Separation of Powers

The division of powers among the three branches of the federal government.

Interpret

To explain or determine the meaning of something; the judicial branch would “interpret federal laws and render judgment in cases involving those laws.”

Checks and Balances

A means for each branch to monitor and limit the power of the other two

Veto

To reject a proposed law. The president can veto legislation passed by Congress.

Revise

To make changes or corrections. The delegates originally met “for the sole purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.”

Amendment

A change to the Constitution. The textbook explains that amendments are changes to the Constitution and describes the process for making them.

Ratification

Approval. The textbook states that the Constitution required the “ratification, or approval,” of 9 of the 13 states to go into effect.