PCOG(red)

Galen

He was a Greek pharmacist-physician who described the method of preparing formulas containing plant and animal drugs

Collection and drying

Crude drugs are vegetable or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of___ and ___.

Curing

With some natural products, such as vanilla, processes of fermentation or sweating are necessary to bring about changes in the constituents such drugs required special processes, usually called___.

Quality

This refers to the intrinsic value of the drug-that is, the amount of the medicinal principles or active constituents present.

Taxonomic classification

A method of classifying drugs considering the natural relationship or phylogeny among plants and among animals.

Volatile oil

Pharmacologically active constituents are responsible for the therapeutic activity of the drug. They may be either single chemical substances or mixtures of principles. Which of the following are exemplified by mixtures of chemical substances?

Silybum marianum

Silymarin a plant constituents which is widely used in the treatment of liver ailments, is obtained from___.

Oligosaccharides

Saccharides containing two to ten sugars units.

Sulphur dioxide

In making sugar, the juice of sugar cane (after boiled with lime is filtered, sometimes decolorized concentrated and crystallized.) What is the compound used to decolorize filtered juice of sugar cane?

Dextrose excipient

This is a crystalline dextrose monohydrate that has undergone less rigorous purification; it is intended for use as an agent of pharmaceutic necessity.

Osazones

These are sugar derivatives formed by heating a sugar solution with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, sodium acetate and acetic acid.

Alginic acid

principal constituent of the cell walls of brown algae?

(Zea mays)

Maize

(Triticum aestivum)

Wheat

(Solanum tuberosum)

Potato

(Manihot utilissima)

Tapioca

Sorbitol

D-glucitol is a hexitol that was originally obtained from the ripe berries of the mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia D-glucitol is otherwise known as what?

Purified rayon

This is a fibrous from of bleached, regenerated cellulose and is used as a surgical aid.

Pectins

gums or hydrocolloids is obtained from plant extracts?

Microbial gums

Dextran and Xanthan belong to the group of _

Locust bean

A hydrocolloid containing powdered endosperm of the seed of Ceratonia siliqua. That is used as thickener and stabilizer.

cytokinins

Cell division hormones

Fraxinus omus

The name “manna” is applied to a number of different plant products, and the only manna of commercial is ash manna. Ash manna is derived from.

Phenylalanine

In the synthesis of prunasin, what is the starting amino acid precursor?

Rhamnus purshianus

scientific name of cascara sagrada?

Casanthranol

Lane’s Pills® is

Aloe barbadensis

known in commerce as Curacao aloe

Alexandria senna

Cassia acutifolia is known in commrhubarberce as

2 g

usual dose of senna to exert its cathartic activity?

Andira araroba

Chrysarobin is a mixture of neutral principles obtained from Goa powder is from lysogenous in the wood of:

Danthron is otherwise known as:

Chrysazin

Danthron is otherwise known as:

Chrysarobin

source of saponin glycoside?

Isothiocyanate glycoside

Black mustard is classified under:

Sinalbin

Acrinyl isothiocyanate is pungent-tasting but almost odourless oil that is obtained upon hydrolysis of what glucoside?

Vitamin P

Rutin and hesperidin have been called:

Salix purpurea

good source of alcohol glycosides?

chloroform

After blistering flies are killed, they are carefully dried at a temperature not higher than 40°C. The drug should be stored in tight containers, and a few drops of ___ should be added occasionally to preserve the drug from attack by other insects.

Phenol glycoside

Uva-ursi is a good source of:

Nutgall

good source of tannic acid?

Oxygen

Fixed oils are sometimes classified into drying oils, semidrying oils and non-drying oils:

Coconut oil

Sodium morrhuate, which is used as sclerosing agent to abliterate varicose veins, is obtained from

Olive oil

This oil is classed as pharmaceutic aid. It is used as setting retardant for dental cements and in the preparation of soaps, plasters and liniments

Arachis hapogeae

Peanut oil is obtained from:

Carthamus tinctorius

Safflower seed oil

25-30%

Percentage of water in hydrous woolfat

Lanolin alcohol

A mixture of aliphatic alcohols, tripernoid alcohols and sterols obtained by the hydrolysis of lanolin

Vitamin F

Linoleic and linolenic acids are polysunsaturated octadecenoic acids. These fatty acids are essential for human nutrition and have been called___.

Pyrolysis

What process is required in the preparation of undecylenic acid?

Antifungal

Undecylenic acid is used as:

Waxes

Mixtures of different molecular weight acids and alcohols

Copernicia prunifera

Carnuba wax is obtained from

Cyclopentane

All prostaglandins have this kind of ring with two aliphatic side chains

2 isoprenes units

How many isoprene units are present in monoterpenes?

eugenol

classified as phenylpropanoid?

Geranyl pyrophosphate

This is a C-10 precursor of the terpenes and is believed to play a key role in the formation of monoterpenes

Limonene

This is probably the most widely distributed monocyclic terpenes

Orange flower oil

Neroli oil is

Menthe arvensis

Japanese peppermint oil

Menthol

It is used as a counterirritant in external analgesic preparations such as BenGay® and Vicks Vaporub®

Terebinthinate odor

Lemon oil that has an ___ odor must not be used or dispensed, such an odor indicates decomposed terpenes or added turpentine oi

Japanese peppermint

Menthe spicata

Thymol

Horsemint oil (Monarda punctata) ius a good

source of:

Nutmeg

classified as phenolic either volatile oil

Methyl salicylate

This is produced synthetically or is obtained by maceration and subsequent distillation with steam from the leaves or Gaultheria or from the bank of Betula lenta

Eriodictyron

This is a flavor used to disguise the bitterness of certain preparations, such as those containing quinine?

Jalap resin

A resin preparation that is used as cathartic and is generally considered a hydragogue and a drastic purgative

Moraceae

Indian hemp or marijuana consists of the dried flowering top of the pistillate plants of Cannabis sativa. Marijuana is classified under what family?

Capsaicin

The active constituent present in Cayenne pepper

Benzoic acid

This compound is first obtained by sublimation from Sumatra benzoin. This is extensively used as preservatives of food, drinks, fats, pharmaceutic preparation and other substances

Cyclopenthanoperhydrophenanthrene

The nucleus present in or steroids?

Cholesterol

the most widely occurring sterol

Ergosterol

the most common sterol in plant

Pigeon

What test animals is now used in the assay of digitalis and its preparation?