BIO 4570 ISU Lab exam one

Ambystomatidae

mole salamanders, no nasolabial grooves, paedomorphy

Ambystoma laterale

blue spotted salamander, eyes far from snout, long toes

Ambystoma texanum

smallmouth salamander, short and stubby, eyes closer to snout

Ambystoma tigrinum

tiger salamander, bigger, small bulging eyes, tiger like pattern

Proteidae

mudpuppies, no nasolabial grooves, some can be viviparous

Necturus maculosus

common mudpuppy, external gills, aquatic, 4 front and back toes

Salamadridae

newts, no costal or nasolabial groove, some species are triphasic

Notophthalmus viridescens

eastern newt, orange spots outlined in black, olive color, laterally flat tail, triphasic "red eft"

Plethodontidae

lungless salamanders, smaller, no lungs, has both costal and nasolabial groove, direct development, tentacles on face

Amphiumidae

amphiumas, no nasolabial grooves, fat and long with small limbs, blind, some parental care, mucous cocoon

Cryptobranchidae

giant salamander/hellbenders, very large, no nasolabial grooves, external fertilization

Gymnophiona

caecilians, no limbs, no nasolabial grooves, fossorial, segmented body, reduced eyes, internal fertilization, parental care (skin feeding)

Hylidae

tree frogs, little to no toe webbing, discs on toes to help climb, metamorphosis

Hyla versicolor

gray treefrog, green or gray with black outlines, yellow inner thighs, tetraploidy

Hyla chrysocelis

copes gray tree frog, gray or green with black outlines, yellow inner thighs, diploid

Pseudacris crucifer

spring peeper, dark x shape on back, first to call in the spring, light brow or tan

Pseudacris maculata

boreal chorus frog, small with pointed head, three dark stripes on back, one of the first to call in spring

Acris blanchardi

cricket frog, small, colored spot on back (red orange etc),

Ranidae

true frogs, no horizontal pupils, presence of webbing, distinct tympanum, terrestrial and aquatic, metamorphosis

Rana pipiens

northern leopard frog, green or brown with irregular spots, spot on snout, inner thighs are white, unbroken dorsolateral fold

Rana sphenocephela

southern leopard frog, green or brown with irregular spots, small white dot on tympanum, no spot on snout

Rana blairi

plains leopard frog, green or brown with irregular spots, broken dorsolateral fold

Rana palustris

pickerel frog, green and tan with two rows of rectangular spots, thicker dorsolateral folds, spot on snout

Rana clamitans

green frog, green, large tympanum, dorsolateral fold, incomplete webbing

Rana catesbeiana

bullfrog, large tympanum, large body, complete webbing, aquatic, no dorsolateral fold

Rana areolata

crawfish frog, brown with many spots and white outlines, many spots on snout, dorsolateral fold, short legs

Bufonidae

true toads, no dorsolateral fold, cranial crest, parotoid gland, metamorphosis or direct development, some viviparous

Anaxyrus americanus

American toad, reddish brown, 1-2 warts per spot, granular skin, Cranial crest and parotoid gland separate or connected by spur

Anaxyrus woodhousii

Woodhouses toad, light brown or tan, 1+ wart per spot, white underside without speckling, Cranial crest and parotoid gland connected directly, western Iowa

Anaxyrus fowleri

Fowlers toad, light brown or tan, 1+ wart per spot, white underside with no speckling, Cranial crest and parotoid gland connected directly, southeast Iowa

Anaxyrus cognatus

great plains toad, brown or tan with large spots, many warts per spot, white underside with no speckling, Cranial crest and parotoid gland connected directly, cranial crest forms a V

Scaphiopodidae

spadefoot toads, granular but smoother skin, cranial crest absent, parotoid gland absent, dorsolateral fold absent, metatarsal tubercle on hind legs

Spea bombifrons

plains spadefoot toad, brown or gray coloring, metatarsal tubercle on hind legs

Pipidae

tongueless or clawed frogs, not found in IA, absent tongue and vocal chords, webbed toes, egg develop under mothers skin, highly aquatic

Ceratophryidae

horned frogs, big head and mouth with short legs, usually has horns above eyes, not found in IA, nocturnal, fossorial, sit and wait predators with 50% of diet being vertebrates

Ambystoma laterale

Ambystoma texanum

Ambystoma tigrinum

Necturus maculosus

Notophthalmus viridescens

Plethodontidae

Amphiumidae

Cryptobranchidae

Gymnophiona

Hyla versicolor

Hyla chrysoscelis

Pseudacris crucifer

Pseudacris maculata

Acris blanchardi

Rana pipiens

Rana sphenocephala

Rana blairi

Rana palustris

Rana clamitans

Rana catesbeiana

Rana areolata

Anaxyrus americanus

Anaxyrus woodhousii

Anaxyrus fowleri

Anaxyrus cognatus

Spea bombifrons

Pipidae

Ceratophryidae