GEC 11 3

Socius

In Latin it means Society

Logos

In Greek it means study of

C. Wright mills

Coined the term “sociological imagination”

Sociological imagination

The ability to see the connections between individuals’ personal troubles and larger structural patterns in the society.

Seeing the general in the particular

Identifying patterns and trends that can be applied more widely

Seeing the strange in the familiar

Recognizing that things aren’t always as they seem- Looking at something that is familiar to us in a new or different way.

Seeing the individuality in context

Understanding ways that social and cultural contexts surrounding people affect theirexperiences and choices

Sociological imagination

Like a lens that you wear in seeing the world with more empathy

Symbolic interaction theory

People create and interpret meanings to things around them

Charles Horton Cooley

Developed the term the looking-glass self

The looking-glass self

posits that our self-image is constructed through our perceptions of how others see us.

George Herbert Mead

Developed the concept of development of the self

Theory of social self

The self is not innate or present at birth; it emerges over time through social experience social interaction, communication, and the exchange of symbols.

Prepatory stage

The stage whe the self is in a limited social experience; reliance on imitation without understanding underlying intentions

Play stage

Stage as the self emerges through the use of language and symbols; focus on role-taking from the perspective of significant others

Games stage

Stage where it develops the ability to take multiple roles at once

I

Spontaneous, active, and creative aspect of the self. This part acts on impulse and initiative.

Me

Internalized attitudes and demands of others; Reflects how society views us and expects us to behave

Erving Goffman

Proposed the concept of dramaturgical approach

Dramaturgical Approach

Posits that social interaction functions like a theatrical performance, where individuals strategically manage how they are perceived by others.

Dramaturgy

This perspective focuses on how individuals adopt specific roles and act them out topresent a favorable impression to their “audience.”

Interaction Order

This refers to the micro-level, face-to-face interactions that characterize everyday social life, where meaning is constructed through continuous interaction

Frontstage

Individuals perform specific roles and adapt their behavior based on thesocial setting and expectations of the time and place

Backstage

Individuals are free from the norms and expectations of the frontstage, allowing for behavior that is not directed at an audience

Cultural anthropology

The study of how people live in the present and recent past.

Linguistic anthropology

The study of language within a cultural context

Archaeology

The study of past human societies through material remains

Biological anthropology

The study of human evolution and biological diversity.

Nature

Refers to the genes we are born with and other hereditary factors that can shape how our personality develops from childhood through adulthood

Nature

Encompasses the environmental factors that impact who we are

Clifford Geertz

There is a system of inherited conceptions and expressions in symbolic forms by means of which humans communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life

Ethnic Identity

relies on the sameness of the self within a group, reinforced through sharedlanguage, practices, and religion

Egocentric identity

The self as an autonomous, distinc, capable of acting independently, “Me first”

Sociocentric

The self as contingent on social settings; personality is context-dependent, “We first”

Christie Kiefer

Highlighted that the Japanese maintain a sociocentric self

Francis Hsu

Emphasize that the Chinese society maintain a sociocentric framework

Independent identity

Focuses on what makes you unique; It’s how you define yourself as a distinct individual

Interdependent identity

Focuses on your connections to others. It’s how you define yourself through your relationships and social status

Naming

a universal rite of passage with rich cross-cultural variations that anchors a child's birthright,lineage, and social identity

Name

A cultural device to individualize a person within theircommunity while simultaneously bestowing legitimate membership into a kinship system, clan, or society

Arnold Van Gennep

Proposed the three-phased rite of passage

Separation

people detach from their former identity to another; leaving the familiar

Liminal

one has left one identity but has not yet entered or joined the next

Incorporation

The changes are incorporated into a new identity to elaborate rituals and ceremonies

Wallace and Fogelson

Proposed the concept of Identity Struggles

Identity struggles

Interpersonal interactions characterized by a mismatch between the identity a person claims for themselves and the identity attributed to them by others

Zagorka Golubovic

Developed the concept of obstacles to self-identification

Obstacles to self-identification

requires individuals to overcome entrenched cultural habits, unlearn parentally imposed self-images, and resolve the friction between inherited social expectations