Rizal

midterm

June 1869

•  jose rizal left calamba for binan 

• Trip carromata 1 ½ hours 

• Tomasa Alejandro Mercado (went to their aunt’s house)

• He had a very disciplined and systematic life 

• Paciano accompanied him on his trip to Biñan. They proceeded to their aunt's house.

• He was introduced to Maestro Justiniano Cruz.

December 17 1870

returned to his hometown after 1 ½ years of study

Private Tutors of Rizal

• Maestro Celestino

• Maestro Lucas Padua

• Maestro Leon Monroy

Meastro Celestino

was Jose's first private tutor.

Maestro Lucas Padua

was the second private tutor.

Maestro Leon Monroy

became the hero's tutor in Spanish and Latin. He was the classmate of Don Francisco.

June 10 1872

Rizal took the entrance examination at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran.

Ateneo Municipal De Manila

• (esceula pia) (charity school) for poor boys

• he sought admission through the assistance of father Magin fernando the college registrat he was admitted

Upon enrollment, he registered under the name José Rizal

ateneo municipal education system

• They offered a program that entitle a student" Bachiller en Artes".

• It offers the best secondary school. It trained the character of every student through rigid discipline and religious instructions.

• They were required to hear masses in the morning before the start of classes.

Roman Empire

 (boarding students at Ateneo)

Carthaginians

(non-boarding students)

ratio studiorum

 a system of indoctrination under tight and constant discipline

Ad majorem Dei Gloriam or for the greater glory of God

teacher was to make lifelong catholics 

March 14 1877

Jose Rizal successfully passed his oral examination and graduated from Ateneo Municipal de Manila with the degree Bachiller en Artes (Bachelor of Arts), earning the highest academic honors.

Racial Pride

His determination to prove the capabilities of Filipinos

Monastic Discipline

The strict Jesuit training that fostered self-discipline and excellence.

secluded life of a boarding school

A focused environment that minimized distractions and encouraged academic achievement.

Rizal's Extracurricular Activities

• Served as an officer in various religious confraternities

• Became a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences

• Developed his literary talent through poetry writing under the guidance of Fr. Francisco de Paula Sánchez.

• Studied Spanish to further improve his language proficiency.

• Took lessons in painting under Agustin Sáez and sculpture under Romualdo de Jesús.

• Participated in gymnastics and fencing, contributing to his physical development.

Some of the Literary Works of Dr. Rizal at Ateneo Municipal

• MI PRIMERA INSPIRACION (My First Inspiration)

• AL NIÑO JESUS (To the Child Jesus)

• UN RECUERDO DE MI PUEBLO (In Memory of my Town)

• THROUGH EDUCATION THE COUNTRY RECEIVES LIGHT

• LA ALIANZA INTIMA SOBRE RELIGION Y LA BUENA EDUCACION (The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education)

MI PRIMERA INSPIRACION (My First Inspiration)

 dedicated by Rizal to his mother on the occasion of the latter's natal day, which according to some was allegedly written by his cousin

AL NIÑO JESUS (To the Child Jesus)

His expression of devotion to Catholicism, which his mother implanted in his heart and was strengthened by his schooling at Ateneo.

UN RECUERDO DE MI PUEBLO (In Memory of my Town)

his way of paying homage to his birthplace, Calamba. He never forget the tranquility of his hometown.

THROUGH EDUCATION THE COUNTRY RECEIVES LIGHT

that the people have to seek knowledge. They need to seek knowledge in order to become enlightened individuals, who could be instrumental in elevating the country into a position of prestige and honor.

LA ALIANZA INTIMA SOBRE RELIGION Y LA BUENA EDUCACION (The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education)

stressed the importance of religion to education. Religion serves as a guide and nourishment to true education.

April 1877

Rizal at 16 years old, entered University of Santo Tomas. He seek the advice of Fr. Pablo Ramon- Rector of the Ateneo, who have been good to him during his student days, on the right choice for a career

2 reasons why he enrolled Philosophy and Letters

• His father liked it

• He was not sure what career to pursue

Ophthalmology

he shifted to medice when he found out that his mother was going blind

1877-78

Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy.

1878-79

 took up the medical course.

Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican Institution of higher learning

(1) the Dominican professors were hostile to him

(2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards

(3) the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive

After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could no longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and the hostility in the University of Santo Tomas.

Segunda Katigbak (Ms. K)

rizal was infatuated 

• First love of Jose Rizal (From batangas Casa de segunda)

• First meeting: 1877 Manila, Rizal was 16yrs, she was 14yrs boarding at La concordia College 

• Rizal fell for her at first sight, charming, short and expressive eyed. He frequently visited his sister at the college just to see her 

• Relationship was brief and unfulfilled since she was promised to marriage to Manuel Luz (married January 12 1879 )

Memorias de un Estudiante de Manila (Memoirs of a Student in Manila)

is the autobiography written by José Rizal when he was between 17 and 20 years old

He wrote it under the pseudonym P. Jacinto to keep his personal reflections and private life secret.

• Timeframe Covered: It details his childhood in Calamba, Laguna, up to his university years studying at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and the University of Santo Tomas (UST)

• Contents: The memoirs include his early education, his academic achievements, his thoughts on his family, and his early romantic experiences (including his first love, Segunda Katigbak, whom he referred to as K").

• Purpose: It provides a rare, personal look into Rizal's youth, showcasing his intelligence, emotions, and growing awareness of Spanish rule in the Philippines before he became a full hero 

Leonor “Orang” Valenzuela

• Rizal met Leonor when he was a sophomore student at the University of Santo Tomas.

• She was a charming Manila girl who was living next door to Rizal's boarding house.

• Sweetheart of Rizal, Romances lasted one year

• A medical student from Calamba, Laguna the charming daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela.

• Rizal sent Leonor a love notes written in invisible ink (from water and salt) only read when held over the heat of lamp or candle to keep her parents from finding out

Leonor Rivera (“Taimis” secret code name )

• The beautiful daughter of his landlord Antonio Rivera.

• Tender romances lasted 11 years (1879-1890)

• His true love, and inspiration for Maria Clara

IMPORTANT LITERARY WORKS AS A UNIVERSITY STUDENT

• A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA

• El Consejo de los Dioses

• JUNTO AL PASIG

A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA

A poem written in Spanish by Filipino writer and patriot Jose Rizal, first presented in 1879 in Manila, while he was studying at the University of Santo Tomas.

• was written by Rizal when he was only eighteen years old, and was dedicated to the Filipino youth which he described as "the fair hope of my motherland"

El Consejo de los Dioses

 is a one-act play written in Spanish by Filipino patriot and national hero José Rizal. It won first prize in an artistic-literary contest organized by the Liceo Artistico-Literario de Manila in 1880, when Rizal was only 19 years old.

JUNTO AL PASIG

 A one-act zarzuela in Spanish written by the Philippine national hero. Jose Rizal, was staged by the Academy of Spanish Literature members on December 8, 1880. - Rizal wrote it to honor "Nuestra Senora dela Paz y Buenviajede Antipolo " (Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage).

Education in Europe

• He traveled alone to Madrid in May 1882 to continue his studies in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

• He also took up Licentiate in Medicine in 1884 and Degree of Philosophy and Letters in 1885.

• 25-year-old Rizal completed in 1887 his eye specialization under the renowned Prof. Otto Becker in Heidelberg

Jesuits

• Founded in 1540 by St. Ignatius of loyala

• They are missionary order known for rigorous education,science, and flexibility called “soldier of Christ"

• Centered on humanistic education, critical inquiry, global engagement and personal mentoring. 

• It encourages students to question, discern and integrate secular knowledge with faith

Dominicans

• Founded in 1216 by St. Dominic

• They are a mendicant order dedicated to studying systematic truth (veritas)

• Centered on classical scholasticism and intellectual disciplined inquiry

Ferdinand Blumentritt

Rizal's friend

“Your work, as we Germans say, has been written with blood and heart. Your work has exceeded my hopes and I consider myself fortunate and happy to have been honored with your friendship........"

Luna's Spoliarium (1884)

• This canvas conveyed the plight of the vanquished and the pathetic suffering of the human race

• A reflection of the spirit of social, moral, and political life of his time

• Depicting the country to be redeemed from bondage and repression

Uncle Tom's Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe)

• The novel portrayed the brutalities committed by the American slave-owners against their Negro slaves

• The novel provided Rizal the springboard to write a novel portraying vividly the miseries of Filipinos under the oppressive rule of the Spanish tyrants

The Wandering Jew (Eugene Sue)

 This novel made a great impression on Rizal. According to Quirino, the literary form of the book could had probably been used by Rizal as his model to arouse the feeling against existing Philippine situation and communicate to the Filipinos the ideals he wanted them to embrace

Noli Me Tangere (touch me not)

First literary

• delicate things nobody wanted to talk about it touch during his time

Describe noli me tangere

• 64 chapters 

• Dedicated to motherland 

• Romantic novel

• work of heart and book of feelings

March 21 1887

noli me tangere came off the press with the financial assistances of Maximo Viola

Purpose for writing the novel:

• To picture the past and the realities of the Philippines

• To reply to the insults heaped on the Filipinos and the country

• Unmask the hypocrisy that have impoverished and brutalized the Filipino people

• To stir patriotism of the Filipino people

Juan Crisostomo Ibarra

Main character of the novel. He represented the affluent and liberal European-educated Filipino

Elias

• Represented the Filipino masses in the novel through him.

• Common people who did everything to vindicate them from the injustices suffered from the Spaniard

Maria Clara

 Ibarra's object of love and affection, represented the Filipino womanhood trained in a convent and immersed in education basically religious in orientation

• Leonor Rivera

Don Rafael Ibarra

• He was jailed for helping a young boy being harmed by Spanish tax collector

• He symbolize an affluent landlord with a social conscience

Sisa

• Mother of Basilio and Crispin who lost her mental balance upon learning to his sons

• She illustrates the typical Filipino mothers, fully cognizant of the attributes of their sons and daughters, willing to defend them from all forms of injustices and accusations.

Capitan Tiago (Don Anastacio delos Santos)

• His wealth was derived from his involvement in illegal opium trade.

• He represented the subservient Filipino to the authorities to protect his personal and business interest

Doña Victorina

• Social climber, wife of Don Tiburcio Espadaña

• She symbolize the colonial mentality among some Filipinos during her time

Doña Patrocinio

• Imprudent, vulgar, cruel and quarrelsome

• She symbolize the mentality of Guardia Civil

Basilio and Crispin

Crisostomo brother of Hagonoy, Bulacan

Padre Damaso

Typical abusive friar during Rizal's time

Pilosopo Tasyo

• He represented Rizal's epitome of a philosopher.

• He was perceived to be sage by the educated and a weird or lunatic by those who did not know him

The School Master of San Diego

He symbolized intellectual dissatisfaction in Filipino society during Rizal's time.

Antonia Regidor

 filipino exile for his alleged complicity in 1872 uprising 

Archbishop Payo

• Found the book heretical, impious and scandalous in its religious aspect; unpatriotic, subversive of public order and offensive to government of Spain.

• He then forwarded the report of the committee to Gov. gen. Emilio Terrero and summoned Rizal to Malacañang Palace.

Fr. Salvador Font

• With no concrete action from Gov. Gen. Terrero, he asked the Permanent Commission on censorship to decide on the fate of the novel

• He recommended the prohibition of the importation,reproduction, and circulation of the pernicious books in  the Philippines (Palma, 1949)

Japan

• The Scenic beauty of the country.

• The cleanliness, politeness and industry of the people.

• The picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women.

• The existence of few thieves in Japan.

• The beggars rarely seen in the streets of the city

Nonetheless, Rizal was disgusted seeing Japanese men pulling the kuruma (rickshaw).

Founding of association La solidaridad

• Rizal learned the plan of the Filipino expatriates in Barcelona to establish a patriotic society that shall work for reforms from the Spanish government which was called Asociacion La Solaridad. It was established Dec. 31, 1888.

• . On Feb. 15, 1889, Rizal was informed of the organ of the Propaganda Movement by Graciano Lopez-Jaena which was called La Solaridad.

Aims of Asociacion La solidaridad

• To work peacefully for political and social reforms

• To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines for Spain to remedy them

• To oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism

• To advocate liberal ideas and progress

• To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy and happiness

Rizal and paris exposition of 1889

• The Paris Exposition was opened on May 6, 1889

• Jose Rizal, Felix R. Hidalgo, Juan Luna and Felix Pardo de Tavera participated in the international art competition.

• Rizal's entry was a bust, but did not win

• Luna, Hidalgo and Pardo de Tavera's entries copped major awards

Maximo Viola

financial assistance of rizal in noli me tangere

Valentin Ventura

Financial assistance of rizal in El Filibusterismo

22 language

Rizal language

Feb 8 1888

board Zafiro from manila to Hongkong

Feb 22 1888

Rizal left hongkong on the vessel SS Oceania

Seiko Usui (O-sei-san)

he met at japan

• Rizal saw the ideals of womanhood like beauty, charm, intelligence and modesty in her and that made him too much attracted to Seiko.

Kidlat Club

Formed among Filipino friends (such as Juan Luna and Fernando Canon) to gather during the World's Fair. (March 1889)

• purely a social society of a temporary nature

• Founded by Jose Rizal simply to bring together

• the young Filipinos

-  Kidlat means lightning

Indios Bravos

A re-branding of the group inspired by the brave Native American performers in Buffalo Bill's show, aimed at reclaiming the derogatory term "Indio" as a badge of honor. (1889)

• Brave Soldiers

• Replaced Kidlat Club

• Its members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the foreigners particularly the Spaniards.

• Rizal taught them Judo an Asian art that he learned while he was in Japan.

R.D.L.M. (Redención de los Malayos)

A secret society aimed at the redemption and unity of the Malay race.

• Redencion de los Malayas (Redemption of the Malays)

• Rizal rigidly guarded its secret existence Patterned from Masonry

• Aim to propagate all useful knowledge (scientific, artistic, literary) in the Philippines

rizal need for mother to educate their children

• Love for honor

• Sincere and firm character

• Clear mind

• Clear conduct

• Noble Action

rizal advice to unmarried men and women

• A noble and honored name

• A manly heart

• A high spirit incapable of being satisfied with engendering slaves.

qualities mothers have to possess

• Be a noble wife

• Rear her children in the service of the state here Rizal gives reference to the women of Sparta who embody this quality

• Set standards of behavior for men around her.