Protistan Diversity

Protist

Very first eukaryotic cell ~1.5 BYA

Outer Surface

1. lipid/protein membrane

2. Cell wall

3. Silica Test

Locomotion

1. Flagella - Whip motion

2. Cilia

3. Pseudopodia & Axopods

Metabolism

1. Photo

2. Phagotrophic - Holozoic: engulf

3. Osmotic - Saprozoic: dissolve and obsorb

Reproduction

1. Asexual

- Binary Fission , Budding , Fragmentation(worm-like)

2. Sexual

- Conjunction

Gamete Appearance

Isogamous & Oogamous

Cysts

Protective Dormant covering

- caused by things like "desiccation" and lack of food

6 Protistan Supergroups

1. Excavata

2. Chromalveolata

3. Achaeplastida

4. Rhizaria

5. Amoebozoa

6. Opisthokanta

1. Excavata

Excavata: Feeding Groove

Asexual

1. Flagellates - unicellular , Flagella.

e.g. "Trypanosoma" : African sleeping sickness

2. Giardia - in water sources , causes hikers diarrhea

3. Euglenids - fresh water , auto & heterotrophic

-Pellicle , 2 flagella (1 big 1 small)

Stigma eyespot , pollution indicator

2. Chromalveolata

1. Dinoflagellates

2. Diatoms

3. Brown Algae

4. Ciliates

5. Apicomplexans

6. Water Molds

a. Dinoflagellates

(Chromalveolata)

Unicellular marine w/ belt and whip flagella

- Zooxanthellae: responsible for coastal "red tide" outbreaks.

b. Diatoms

(Chromalveolata)

A unicellular photosynthetic alga w/ silica test

Test has a shoe box fit

c. Brown Algae

(Chromalveolata)

cold marine, multicellular, autotrophic

- the most common type of seaweed. Brown algae include the kelps.

Brown pigment : "fucoxanthin"

- Sargassum, Fucus, Laminaria (kelp)

d. Ciliates

(Chromalveolata)

Unicellular , freshwater , asexual/conjunction

- Cilia , pellicle, 2 nuclei (micro for reproduction and a macro nucleus)

- "Tryocists" - Harpoon

-Paramecium shoe shape , Sessile Vorticella, detachable Stentor

e. Apicomplexans

(Chromalveolata)

unicellular parasitic , asexual & sexual *produce spores

- move by flexing

- "plasmodium" causes malaria , complex life cycle

f. Water Molds

(Chromalveolata)

parasitic , fresh/salt water & soil

- Ich, rusts, down mildews, Irish potato famine

3. Archaeplastida

red algae, green algae, land plants

a. Green Algae

(Archaeplastida)

freshwater, chlorophyll , uni/multicell and colonial

- Unicellular: Chlamydomonas - two flagella, stigma, isogamous

- Colonial: Filamentous, spirogyra unbranched, Cladophora branched

Multicellular : Ulva sea lettuce, Merman's shaving brush

b. Red algae

(Archaeplastida)

Warm marine <3 ft

Red pigment : "phycoerythrin"

- Agar

- Carrageenan - stabilizes plants and dairy products

4. Rhizaria

Pseudopods & have a test

- Radiolarians - marine unicellular silica test w/ axopods

- Foraminiferans - marine unicellular , porous calcium-carbonate test. oil deposit indicators

5. Amoebozoa

unicellular , asexual , no test , fresh/marine/soil

rely on contractile vacuole

a. Amoebas

parasitic e.g.

"entamoeba Histolytica" - amoeba dysentery

Acanthamoeba - eye infection

b. Slime molds

Cellular SM: fresh water / rotting veg. complex life cycle independent->multicell

Plasmodia SM - Rotting Veg. Darkness .

"sclerotium" = dormant structure

Life cycle : gamete - plasmodium - sporangium

6. Opisthakonta

Fungi, animals, and ...

- Choanoflagellates - colonial unicellular , flagella feed

Ancestor of all animals - sponges