Bio diversity Lab Practical 1

What is a fungus?

Eukaryotic heterotrophs

What is a hyphae?

filaments and Mycelium is a bunch of filaments.

differentiate septate vs aseptate

septate: separation of each filament (hypha) via a wall between.
aseptate: no separation in each filament (hypha).

Describe Phylum Chytridiomycota

• unicellular in freshwater

• alternation of generations

• has caused decline in Batrachochytrium

  dendrobatidis (Bd)

Phylum Chytridiomycota Examples

Sporophyte, a sporangium

Gametophyte, produces gametes

Describe Phylum Zygomycota

• Molds on bread, fruit, etc.

• Aseptate hyphae

• Asexual reproduction via Sporangiophores

• Sexual reproduction via Zygosporangium

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Describe Phylum Ascomycota

• Lichens, morels, molds, mildews, baker’s & brewer’s yeasts

• Septate hyphae

• Asexual reproduction via conidiophores with conidia (spores)

• Sexual reproduction via Ascocarps that house multiple asci that produce ascospores

Describe Phylum Basidiomycota

• Mushrooms, puffballs, toadstools, etc

• Septate hyphae

• Asexual reproduction via budding

• Sexual reproduction via basidia produces basidiospores

• Anatomy: Pileus, Gills, Stipe

Lichens, describe its symbiotic relationships

Mutualistic relationship

between fungi and algae: both

organisms benefit

– Fungi: typically

Ascomycota; provides

moisture and minerals from

environment

– Algae: typically green algae

or cyanobacteria; provides

products of photosynthesis

(carbohydrates)

Mycorrhizae, describe its symbiotic relationships

Mutualistic relationship

between fungi and tree

roots: both organisms

benefit

– Fungi: usually

Glomeromycota; increase

surface area for absorption

of water and minerals

– Tree roots: provide products

of photosynthesis

(carbohydrates)

What distinguishes fungi from other groups of organisms?

• They are eukaryotic heterotrophs.

• Their bodies are made of hyphae, which are filament-like threads.

• A mass of hyphae is called a mycelium.

• Their cell walls contain chitin.

• Their hyphae may have septa (cross-walls), or they may be aseptate/coenocytic without septa

what are the 4 fungal phylum?

Chytridiomycota, Mostly unicellular; often freshwater, Unique because they have alternation of generations and a motile life stage. Sporophyte has a sporangium; gametophyte produces male and female gametes.

Zygomycota, Aseptate hyphae, Asexual: sporangia/sporangiophores. Sexual: zygosporangium

Ascomycota, Septate hyphae, Asexual: conidiophores with conidia. Sexual: ascocarps contain asci, which produce ascospores

Basidiomycota, Septate hyphae, Asexual: budding. Sexual: basidia produce basidiospores. Mushroom anatomy includes pileus, gills, stipe